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First Class Penalty on Southern

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billburns2

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This is my first post on this forum, so hopefully I'm doing this right.

Last week I travelled on my Oyster card from Surbiton to London Victoria. This requires changing at Clapham Junction from. Southwest train to a Southern one.
The Southern train was busy but not full.
On boarding the train I sat down to read my book. About two minutes into the journey a ticket inspector asked for my ticket. i showed him my Oyster card and he replied that I was seated in First Class and that I had to pay a £20 penalty fare.
I told him that I'd done so by mistake and offered to move, but he insisted that I must pay the penalty.
As I didn't have any cash or cards on me, he proceeded to ask for my name and address, which I did by showing a drivers licence and he began to fill in his paperwork whilst telling me that I may be prosecuted and face a court appearance.
To the vast majority of people (me included) who are unaware of the draconian powers that railway bylaws give train operating companies, being charged £20 for sitting in the wrong seat is equivalent to being charged £20 for stepping on the cracks in the pavement - it's completely disproportionate to the offence.
When the inspector began moralising to me about "First Class passengers who pay a lot of money for their seats" I confess to losing my temper with the man, telling him that the £2000 plus I paid in train fares every year was also a lot of money and that penalty fares were a disproportionate, petty and vindictive scheme to bleed money from otherwise law-abiding passengers (which they are) all of which he duly wrote down. It's worth noting that although I was angry, at no point did I swear, insult or shout at the inspector.
It's also worth noting that my mistake was a genuine one - I have travelled almost exclusively on BR and later Southwest trains since I became a commuter 28 years ago. Accessing First Class on a Southwest train requires passing an internal carriage door that says First Class and sitting in a seat which is blue instead of orange. You really can't do it accidentally. First Class on Southern is simply another part of the Second Class carriage with the same coloured seats and some signage on the sear headrest. it's easy to miss , so I didn't notice when I sat down to read my book and still didn't realise my mistake for the two minutes between boarding the train and being caught by the inspector.

Having read similar threads, it now seems that I can look forward to getting a letter of intended prosecution on the basis that I had no money with me. This has been described as a "slam dunk" by posters on similar threads.
So now some questions, a lot of which fit into the category of "minor technicalities", but which may be my best bet in the circumstances.

1. How likely is it that Southern will prosecute me and what can I expect to be fined?
2. Changing platforms and train operators at Clapham Junction requires going down one set of steps and up an adjacent one. There are no Warning Notices displayed on that short route (see section 4 of the SRA rules on penalty fares).
Does that make a difference to my case?
3. The documentation handed to me by the inspector for a ticket irregularity isn't fully completed. He has scored out the lines that read "travelling to / from".
Does that make a difference to my case?
4. If my offence is labelled as Strict Liability, am I correct in thinking that there is no difference in terms of prosecution between an intentional or unintentional breach of the relevant Bylaw and therefore no defence?
5. If so, can the train company also decide that travelling without the means to pay a penalty fare is a is an intentional offence and therefore deserves throwing the book? (seems like having it both ways to me).

Apologies for the length of this post and all answers gratefully received.
 
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RailUK Forums

First class

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This is my first post on this forum, so hopefully I'm doing this right.

Last week I travelled on my Oyster card from Surbiton to London Victoria. This requires changing at Clapham Junction from. Southwest train to a Southern one.
The Southern train was busy but not full.
On boarding the train I sat down to read my book. About two minutes into the journey a ticket inspector asked for my ticket. i showed him my Oyster card and he replied that I was seated in First Class and that I had to pay a £20 penalty fare.
I told him that I'd done so by mistake and offered to move, but he insisted that I must pay the penalty.
As I didn't have any cash or cards on me, he proceeded to ask for my name and address, which I did by showing a drivers licence and he began to fill in his paperwork whilst telling me that I may be prosecuted and face a court appearance.
To the vast majority of people (me included) who are unaware of the draconian powers that railway bylaws give train operating companies, being charged £20 for sitting in the wrong seat is equivalent to being charged £20 for stepping on the cracks in the pavement - it's completely disproportionate to the offence.
When the inspector began moralising to me about "First Class passengers who pay a lot of money for their seats" I confess to losing my temper with the man, telling him that the £2000 plus I paid in train fares every year was also a lot of money and that penalty fares were a disproportionate, petty and vindictive scheme to bleed money from otherwise law-abiding passengers (which they are) all of which he duly wrote down. It's worth noting that although I was angry, at no point did I swear, insult or shout at the inspector.
It's also worth noting that my mistake was a genuine one - I have travelled almost exclusively on BR and later Southwest trains since I became a commuter 28 years ago. Accessing First Class on a Southwest train requires passing an internal carriage door that says First Class and sitting in a seat which is blue instead of orange. You really can't do it accidentally. First Class on Southern is simply another part of the Second Class carriage with the same coloured seats and some signage on the sear headrest. it's easy to miss , so I didn't notice when I sat down to read my book and still didn't realise my mistake for the two minutes between boarding the train and being caught by the inspector.

Having read similar threads, it now seems that I can look forward to getting a letter of intended prosecution on the basis that I had no money with me. This has been described as a "slam dunk" by posters on similar threads.
So now some questions, a lot of which fit into the category of "minor technicalities", but which may be my best bet in the circumstances.

1. How likely is it that Southern will prosecute me and what can I expect to be fined?
2. Changing platforms and train operators at Clapham Junction requires going down one set of steps and up an adjacent one. There are no Warning Notices displayed on that short route (see section 4 of the SRA rules on penalty fares).
Does that make a difference to my case?
3. The documentation handed to me by the inspector for a ticket irregularity isn't fully completed. He has scored out the lines that read "travelling to / from".
Does that make a difference to my case?
4. If my offence is labelled as Strict Liability, am I correct in thinking that there is no difference in terms of prosecution between an intentional or unintentional breach of the relevant Bylaw and therefore no defence?
5. If so, can the train company also decide that travelling without the means to pay a penalty fare is a is an intentional offence and therefore deserves throwing the book? (seems like having it both ways to me).

Apologies for the length of this post and all answers gratefully received.

Uncooperative, awkward, standard class ticket and refused a (correct) Penalty Fare.

Open and shut Byelaw case- and yes, intention is irrelevant.

Could also go for the Regulation of Railways Act 1889, your attitude may lead to this legislation being used instead, which is more serious.
 

DaveNewcastle

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1. How likely is it that Southern will prosecute me and what can I expect to be fined?
Very likely. In the region of £70 - £200 and probably towards the middle of that range, the fine is related to your means, and the costs are related to the work involved.

2. Changing platforms and train operators at Clapham Junction requires going . . . .
Not relevant.
3. The documentation handed to me by the inspector for a ticket irregularity isn't fully completed. . . . .
Not of any material significance.
4. If my offence is labelled as Strict Liability, am I correct in thinking that there is no difference in terms of prosecution between an intentional or unintentional breach of the relevant Bylaw and therefore no defence?
The 'strict liability' offence is purely a matter of fact (e.g. a person did, or did not, do such a specified thing). The Defence can only be a matter of fact (e.g. they did not do the specifed thing). Intention is not a factor.
5. If so, can the train company also decide that travelling without the means to pay a penalty fare is a is an intentional offence and therefore deserves throwing the book? (seems like having it both ways to me).
Yes. Travelling without the means to pay for the appropriate ticket and knowing they have not the means, and therefore being unable to pay with an intention to do so, is found to be an intention not to do so.

Could also go for the Regulation of Railways Act 1889, your attitude may lead to this legislation being used instead, which is more serious.
Yes. Travelling without a valid ticket and with intention to avoid payment (as evidenced here) would succeed as a Section 5 Prosecution under the 1889 RoRA. Passengers with a valid standard class ticket may find they are treated with some leniency and therefore the lesser Byelaw Offence alone would be pursued.
 
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billburns2

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Thanks for your reply
Uncooperative, awkward, standard class ticket and refused a (correct) Penalty Fare.

Open and shut Byelaw case- and yes, intention is irrelevant.

Could also go for the Regulation of Railways Act 1889, your attitude may lead to this legislation being used instead, which is more serious.

Uncooperative and awkward how?
Details please

if my personal opinions on the morality of Penalty tickets are irrelevant for a defense then they must be equally irrelevant to a prosecution, yes?
 

James Wake

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Passengers using Oyster cards to sit in first class is a big problem, on my trains the amount of times whilst standing I with a standard class season at a cost of just over £3600 watch at East Croydon whilst scores of people who board at East Croydon take the first class seats is frustrating, and I am glad when there is a ticket check, but not very often by conductors at the front of the train, it is normally an RPI and even then they are rare.

I do however agree that in some cases, Southern first class seats are identical to the standard class seats (on 377/1/2/3 subclasses), but the legroom on the double seat behind the cab is quite poor for someone of my height of over 6ft.

I hope you get a reasonable offer from Southern.
 

billburns2

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Thanks for the reply, Dave

Yes. Travelling without the means to pay for the appropriate ticket and knowing they have not the means, and therefore being unable to pay with an intention to do so, is found to be an intention not to do so.
Is a penalty defined as a ticket?
I'm not clear on how you can know that you don't have the means to pay for an offence that you didn't know you were committing.

if an incomplete docket is irrelevant, why is so much of a deal made of it in other advice on similar threads
If he had omitted to fill in any of it, would that also be irrelevant?
 

itsjustmyjob

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I often smile when I read season ticket holders and their 'I pay £2000... etc' per year.

You are getting a season's worth of travel for that, not just one journey.

Compared with the value for money a walk up passenger will receive for a similar journey, season ticket holders usually get a very good deal for their 'bulk purchase'.
 

rdwarr

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It's also possible that he didn't believe you when you had no cash or cards on you but did have an Oyster and a Driving Licence. If there was "attitude" then that wouldn't have convinced him otherwise.
I'm a commuter rather than a TOC employee but am always surprised at the number of fellow passengers who don't understand the seriousness of transgressions on the railway, or that a Penalty Fare is essentially a "let off".
If you've really been commuting for 28 years I'm surprised you haven't taken the time to learn the ropes.
 

DaveNewcastle

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This is a very well-tested situation. Passengers have been doing this for over 100 years; Railway Companies have been prosecuting them for over 100 years; passengers have tried to avoid Conviction for over 100 years; and failed (there were many exceptions to this outcome until the wording of the Byelaws was improved). The leading authority is Gillingham v Walker (1881) 45 JP 470 but see also Noble v Killick (1891) 60 LJMC 61 DC and the analysis in Covington v Wright (1963) 2 QBD 469.

As for the Inspector completing lines on a form, I say it is not significant for the reason already given: that the Offence is simply a matter of fact (were you travelling in first class accommodation without a valid ticket to authorise that travel and then fail to regularise the situation by way of a Penalty Fare, or not?). The paperwork is not a material consideration in answering that question. It's not the Railway Company who are being Prosecuted for some offence of failing to complete some paperwork, it is you being Prosecuted for travellng in First without the necessary ticket and without taking the action offered to you to regularise the omission.

Hope that helps.
 

talltim

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Yes. Travelling without the means to pay for the appropriate ticket and knowing they have not the means, and therefore being unable to pay with an intention to do so, is found to be an intention not to do so.
But he (if you take the story at face value) didn't know that he had not the means. He had the means to make the journey as he intended, but mistakenly did so in more expensive accommodation. Doubt it is a defence, but you can't say that he knew.
 
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billburns2

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I often smile when I read season ticket holders and their 'I pay £2000... etc' per year.

You are getting a season's worth of travel for that, not just one journey.

Compared with the value for money a walk up passenger will receive for a similar journey, season ticket holders usually get a very good deal for their 'bulk purchase'.

I don't consider a year's worth of high prices and poor customer experience to be any better value than a day of same, but that's just me. Few of us have any real choice in the matter. We put up with it because wr have to, not because we choose to
 

billburns2

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This is a very well-tested situation. Passengers have been doing this for over 100 years; Railway Companies have been prosecuting them for over 100 years; passengers have tried to avoid Conviction for over 100 years; and failed (there were many exceptions to this outcome until the wording of the Byelaws was improved). The leading authority is Gillingham v Walker (1881) 45 JP 470 but see also Noble v Killick (1891) 60 LJMC 61 DC and the analysis in Covington v Wright (1963) 2 QBD 469.

As for the Inspector completing lines on a form, I say it is not significant for the reason already given: that the Offence is simply a matter of fact (were you travelling in first class accommodation without a valid ticket to authorise that travel and then fail to regularise the situation by way of a Penalty Fare, or not?). The paperwork is not a material consideration in answering that question. It's not the Railway Company who are being Prosecuted for some offence of failing to complete some paperwork, it is you being Prosecuted for travellng in First without the necessary ticket and without taking the action offered to you to regularise the omission.

Hope that helps.

Haven't we also had 100 years of fines and convictions being overturned and thrown out?
A "one crime fits all" approach is not accepted by those who find in favour of the defendant, is it?

I'm still interested in exactly how an incompletely filled in element if paperwork is not material?
If the inspector had filled in no paperwork at all, would that also be OK?
Requiring passengers to be 100% compliant surely means that the rail operators should themselves stand up to their own high standards?
 

DaveNewcastle

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I'm not clear on how you can know that you don't have the means to pay for an offence that you didn't know you were committing.
You misunderstand me. You didn't have the means to pay for (a) the ticket for the class of accomodation you had sat in, nor for (b) the 'Penalty Fare' offered to you and which would have regularised the situation. You knew you didn't have the means to pay either of those charges.

But he (if you take the story at face value) didn't know that he had not the means. He had the means to make the journey as he intended, but mistakenly did so in more expensive accommodation. Doubt it is a defence, but you can't say that he knew.
The relevant test is at the moment when the passenger was offered the opportunity to regularise the situation, and it is at that moment that he knew he was unable to pay.

Nothing hangs on whether or not he 'knew' he had the means to pay a Penalty Fare (or any other fare) when he boarded the train and sat in first class accomodation, what matters at that point is whether he had a valid ticket, or not.
 
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billburns2

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Nothing hangs on whether or not he 'knew' he had the means to pay a Penalty Fare (or any other fare) when he boarded the train and sat in first class accomodation, what matters at that point is whether he had a valid ticket, or not.

But this would require a degree of second-sight or crystal ball gazing on the part of the customer, or else some form of magical power to make money appear where before there was none.

Can you point me to the real-world examples on which you've based your statement? Relevant case law would be good.

thanks
 

furlong

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Last week I travelled on my Oyster card from Surbiton to London Victoria. This requires changing at Clapham Junction from. Southwest train to a Southern one.

Exactly what time was the train scheduled to depart Clapham Junction? Find it in the timetable and confirm that it was advertised as carrying first class accommodation. This would normally have been shown on the electronic signs on the platform too.

It is surprising that after so many years Penalty Fares are still misunderstood by regular commuters. If someone finds themselves in a situation where one is offered to them, the best advice is nearly always going to be to remain calm and to accept it because the alternative might be a lot worse. If it turns out to have been issued incorrectly there is a free appeal mechanism that will get them their money back.
--- old post above --- --- new post below ---
if an incomplete docket is irrelevant, why is so much of a deal made of it in other advice on similar threads

Perhaps those threads concerned Penalty Fares, which are regulated more tightly.
 

billburns2

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Exactly what time was the train scheduled to depart Clapham Junction? Find it in the timetable and confirm that it was advertised as carrying first class accommodation. This would normally have been shown on the electronic signs on the platform too.

It is surprising that after so many years Penalty Fares are still misunderstood by regular commuters. If someone finds themselves in a situation where one is offered to them, the best advice is nearly always going to be to remain calm and to accept it because the alternative might be a lot worse. If it turns out to have been issued incorrectly there is a free appeal mechanism that will get them their money back.
--- old post above --- --- new post below ---


Perhaps those threads concerned Penalty Fares, which are regulated more tightly.

Thanks for replying, Furlong.

It could have been the 09:06 or the 09:01, or an earlier train that was delayed. No idea as to how to find out exactly which one.
What is the relevance of exact times and advertising of first class?

I did accept the penalty, albeit I was cross about it. I just didn't have the means to pay.

Your trust in the appeals system is not shared by others, but that's another matter.

I think what surprises people more is that in the 21st Century, a privately owned company is able to generate revenue for the benefit of shareholders by wielding the full might of the state to impose financial penalties in situations which are grossly unfair to passengers. On top of that, they do so in a manner which is inconsistent, opaque and seems designed to make sure that a TOC will get its money, no matter what, all thanks to a set of archaic Victorian bylaws.
In years to come, people will be agog that they got away with it for so long.

Here's hoping that the recent Government consultation and Transport Focus report help to put an end to these shenanigans.
 

billburns2

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Thanks for all the replies so far.

I'm not too sure why so few of my posts are getting past the moderators in a timely manner so I will sign off for now and return in a few days.

best wishes,

BB
 

James Wake

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Exactly what time was the train scheduled to depart Clapham Junction? Find it in the timetable and confirm that it was advertised as carrying first class accommodation. This would normally have been shown on the electronic signs on the platform too.

It is surprising that after so many years Penalty Fares are still misunderstood by regular commuters. If someone finds themselves in a situation where one is offered to them, the best advice is nearly always going to be to remain calm and to accept it because the alternative might be a lot worse. If it turns out to have been issued incorrectly there is a free appeal mechanism that will get them their money back.
--- old post above --- --- new post below ---


Perhaps those threads concerned Penalty Fares, which are regulated more tightly.

Very good point, quite a lot of the trains from platform 14 are standard class only, do you know what train you caught from Clapham Junction to Victoria?
 

ian959

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I think what surprises people more is that in the 21st Century, a privately owned company is able to generate revenue for the benefit of shareholders by wielding the full might of the state to impose financial penalties in situations which are grossly unfair to passengers. On top of that, they do so in a manner which is inconsistent, opaque and seems designed to make sure that a TOC will get its money, no matter what, all thanks to a set of archaic Victorian bylaws.

Actually in the 21st Century in a heavily subsidised railway system where fare evasion is significant, I find it rather comforting that a TOC can still demand a non-fare paying passenger pay their correct fare for the class of carriage they are occupying. But that is just me. I also find it rather interesting than in 28 years as a fare paying passenger, you have never ever seen a notice about penalty fares or read the terms and conditions of carriage.

Simply put, the RPI was doing his job, you were in the wrong, you didn't have any means to pay even the additional fare as required by those conditions of carriage and therefore you will suffer the effect of the law. You might want to lose the attitude however as it will not serve you any good purpose.

If you are so inclined, let the matter go to court and have your day and let off steam at the magistrate or whoever - and end up paying anyway because you were in the wrong.
 

furlong

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No idea as to how to find out exactly which one.

Can you remember which platform it was at Clapham Junction or London Victoria or any other clues? On which side of the train was the door that you used?

What is the relevance of exact times and advertising of first class?

Southern runs some services where first class accommodation is declassified allowing passengers with standard class tickets to use it. It is unlikely this applied in your case, but as you seem to be hoping for possible loopholes, it is worth checking.

Your trust in the appeals system is not shared by others, but that's another matter.

The cases that suggest a lack of trust might attract a disproportionate amount of discussion on a forum such as this but I believe they are unrepresentative.
 
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Tetchytyke

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But this would require a degree of second-sight or crystal ball gazing on the part of the customer, or else some form of magical power to make money appear where before there was none.

It is a passenger's responsibility to ensure they have the right ticket, or the means to buy the right ticket, before boarding a train or sitting in first class accommodation.

The fact that you were unable, on demand, to pay the appropriate fare (including a Penalty Fare) is enough to show intent to avoid paying that fare. You cannot intend to do something if you have no money to do it. More specifically to your case, you cannot intend to buy the appropriate ticket if you (as you claimed) you have left your cash and cards at home.

I cannot help but wonder how often in the last 28 years you have "accidentally" sat in a first class seat (and is clearly labelled as a first class seat) without paying for it.
 
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455driver

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But this would require a degree of second-sight or crystal ball gazing on the part of the customer, or else some form of magical power to make money appear where before there was none.

Can you point me to the real-world examples on which you've based your statement? Relevant case law would be good.

thanks

Or you can just open your eyes/look up from your phone/use your brain* as you board the train and ensure you sit the correct accommodation relevant to the ticket you hold therefore preventing this situation arising, not difficult for most of us!

* delete as required. ;)
 

MichaelAMW

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There's a question here that nobody has bothered to answer: Why, if you make a genuine mistake that correctly requires you to pay some additional charge that you were not expecting to pay, does an inability to pay at the time, because you weren't expecting to pay, lead to an escalation to some kind of prosecution? I don't believe I'm the only person who thinks that is rather unreasonable.
 

DaveNewcastle

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But this would require a degree of second-sight or crystal ball gazing on the part of the customer, or else some form of magical power to make money appear where before there was none.

Can you point me to the real-world examples on which you've based your statement? Relevant case law would be good.
No such supernatural powers are required. We don't even need to look at Case Law, as the wording of Byelaw 19 is clear enough by iteslf to explain my comment:
Railway Byelaws said:
19. Classes of accommodation, reserved seats and sleeping berths

Except with permission from an authorised person, no person shall remain in any seat, berth or any part of a train where a notice indicates that it is reserved for a specified ticket holder or holders of tickets of a specific class, except the holder of a valid ticket entitling him to be in that particular place.

. . .which is why I said "Nothing hangs on whether or not he 'knew' he had the means to pay a Penalty Fare (or any other fare) when he boarded the train and sat in first class accomodation, what matters at that point is whether he had a valid ticket, or not."

. . . . . all thanks to a set of archaic Victorian bylaws.
The current Railway Byelaws were published in 2005 and differ considerably from those which existed in Victorian times.
 
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furlong

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There's a question here that nobody has bothered to answer: Why, if you make a genuine mistake that correctly requires you to pay some additional charge that you were not expecting to pay, does an inability to pay at the time, because you weren't expecting to pay, lead to an escalation to some kind of prosecution? I don't believe I'm the only person who thinks that is rather unreasonable.

Firstly, Penalty Fares schemes are required to provide for the use of discretion to accept payment within 21 days, and secondly, if a court agreed that a Penalty Fare was the most appropriate response in some particular circumstances "where a penalty notice was not offered or taken up for reasons unconnected with the offence itself", it is open for it to match that financial penalty and to leave the company to pick up its own costs. I would expect that the cases that reach a court would rarely, if ever, fall into this category.

The instructions must give authorised collectors the discretion not to require this minimum payment, but to allow passengers 21 days in which to pay all of the penalty fare. It may be appropriate to use this discretion towards season-ticket holders who have failed to carry their ticket (see paragraph 4.29), as well as towards people who are at risk.
 
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jon0844

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I am confused with the bit about paying £2k a year to travel, when first class would presumably be around twice that?

So, whatever you pay it isn't enough to allow you in to first class.

Admittedly, Oyster has no provision for first class - but with the pending changes allowing a range of new charges for travel outside the zones, perhaps TfL could introduce a fixed charge for first class upgrades. It's unlikely I know, but I have often wondered why there wasn't a way for Oyster users to use first class legitimately if they so wanted.

But that's irrelevant here.

I also wonder how a regular commuter would travel without any means of payment. I get very uncomfortable if I am out without some money, or means to get access to money. I have to begin wondering if someone refusing to pay is merely trying to take a stand.
 

AlterEgo

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I once had a bona fide First Class ticket and was only able to locate the First Class section on one of Southern's new 377/8s with difficulty.

I therefore have sympathy with the OP. It would be difficult to note which is First Class if seats are occupied; the only other marker than a pointless antimacassar is a small sticker on the window pane.

If it ever happens to me, and the next station is not a major terminal with BTP presence, then I will refuse to give my name, and simply alight.
 

extendedpaul

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I am unclear whether the OP was refused the opportunity to pay the £20 penalty fare within 21 days or is unwilling to make that payment.

If it can still be paid it would seem eminently sensible to do so without delay.

To prosecute a ticket holding passenger because they do not have the means to pay an unexpected £20 on the spot seems draconian
 

Wolfie

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It would be wise to get an answer to this question before either side of the argument gets on their high horse.

...and another perfectly rational contribution - if the latter then the OP is indeed doomed...
 
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