Less than three years into her transition from Jonathan to Jillian, pro cyclist Jillian Bearden has once again found serenity on her bike. Now, using studies and stats collected during her long career, she’s helping prove that transgender athletes change more than their names, they change their biology.
Bearden has watched her performance ebb since beginning hormone-replacement therapy in 2015. As testosterone fades and estrogen grows, her fastest times on favorite climbs have slipped into what she calls “the gutter.”
It was tough realizing her hard-earned power, developed over more than a decade of elite-level bike racing, was waning.
“I went from 16 minutes to 26, 27, 28 minutes,” she said of her times on her those climbs. “I was like holy … Testosterone gives you this drive, this oomph, and I didn’t have that push. My muscles looked fairly big, but I did not have that push to drive that extra energy.
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“The testosterone is gone so you have to find a new way to get to the new you and the new me was working on my mental game,” she said. “Now it’s all mental.”
Bearden’s steep decline in performance aligns with the first study of transgender athletes,
published in 2015 in the Journal of Sporting Cultures and Identities by medical physicist Joanna Harper, who is advising the IOC on its transgender policies. Harper’s study showed transwomen runners slowed and lost strength as they blocked testosterone and added estrogen.