2tph Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester may well not be too frequent in isolation but squeezing many trains into New Street, along the Stour, through Stoke, Crewe, Stockport and into Piccadilly and Lime Street could all be seen to be sources of unreliability.
Running the trains isn't a source of unreliability. The sources of unreliability are things like infrastructure faults, incursions of people or animals, severe weather affecting structures or earthworks. The solution to unreliability is to deal with it at these causes, not just wantonly remove services from the timetable.
It might not do much for the economics, but lower frequencies certainly can do something for punctuality/reliability. There was, pre COVID, far too little slack in many timetables based on the infrastructure available. (The alternative is to do something about the infrastructure).
This isn't true though, this is just your pet thing. Deleting trains from routes where the critical mass is still a long way off doesn't make the service any more reliable. It will still be unreliable because the causes of the issues aren't really congestion, they're faults, or the weather, or various other things.
Obviously the Ordsall Chord created a critical mass in a specific area which meant that congestion alone was a source of unreliability, but this is very rare. It does not apply at places like Stoke-on-Trent or Crewe! Stockport is slightly different because it's still stuck in the dark ages with the boxes there. But the solution to that is resignalling not changing the timetable.
The performance impact of that timetable was worse than Castlefield. It was catastrophic. Good riddance and glad it won't be back - if people want to spend 5 hours going from Euston to Liverpool for a tenner, they will probably enjoy a walk round in Birmingham or Crewe for a change anyway. The idea of prioritising budget long distance travellers over bread and butter local passengers (which to some extent Chiltern also fail on, though not as badly) was one of the most stupid ideas the railway ever had.
Yes, but again, the issue there was never actual congestion. It was inadequate turnaround time. Indeed a large part of the Northern issues were TransPennine Express' inadequate turnaround times, not congestion (though of course it was also congestion).