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To be pedantic, engines used for repowering currently need to meet UIC Stage IIIA emissions standards, equivalent to the old EC IIIA standard. The EC IIIB standards were, unusually, not applied to engines fitted as upgrades, as there was a lack of available engines on the market (the same...

It is, you are allowed emissions levels one stage below the requirement for new build. Hence the EMD 2-stroke being a likely candidate.

Most low-power devices can still charge from the near-ubiquitous type A socket, whether they have micro USB B, type C, or something else. I don't expect the operators to chase the latest standards when the existing sockets work for must users - give it a decade and it may change. I'm only aware...

I would advise against seeking any role in the legal or financial industries if you expect this level of understanding. There is zero tolerance of dishonesty. During my time working at banks, I have known two colleagues who had their careers ended by being summarily dismissed for petty theft...

Seems that Porterbrook have been granted funding to trial some retrofit emissions reduction. They doesn't state whether it's going to use SCR, although that would seem most likely. https://twitter.com/PB_Leasing/status/1090968698255478784

Modern Railways Jan had a write-up on the refurb. Some of the new traction wiring is being done with the initial refurbishment, but it was decided that the existing motor-generators were not suitable for use with the new traction, so there will be a second phase covering traction, MG replacement...

The only interest the Irish railways had in the UK stock was as a stopgap until new-build can be acquired. Near-term availability is key to that, particularly as guage conversation will take some time, and it looks like the 170 & 185 proposals may have foundered because of that (see other thread...

Put simply, no. The MTUs could be put in another locomotive with the same engine as a like-for-like replacement, but otherwise don't have any grandfather rights as such. The 66s engine transplants were part of a specific 'flex arrangements' that allowed for existing classes to continue to use...

Not really - Section 54 agreements (the one you were fishing for) have largely disappeared from the leasing market, other than the mega-procurements for IEP and Thameslink which have a couple of decades to run. Apart from these, all of the existing section 54s will elapse in the next few years...

We have an existing thread that has already discussed this - https://www.railforums.co.uk/threads/class-378-refresh.167441/

The version number returning 3.95 on Win 95 was a well-known 'fix' from Microsoft for the countless applications which were wrongly checking the minor part of the Windows version to be at least 'n.10'. During beta testing it was quickly discovered that tens of thousands of programmes were...

We'll disagree on that (as do most of the manufactures, going by the battery warranties being offered.) The battery will lose some capacity over the life of the vehicle, just as the ICE in a conventional car loses power and efficiency. Vehicles near end-of-life are typically used less...

To be pedantic, and in common with other European operators, NI railways is now split into NIR Networks Ltd and NIR Operations Ltd. EU regs mandate some separation of infrastructure and operations.

I doubt battery production has anything like the environmental impact that, for example, a single major oil spill has. Fossil fuels are only getting harder and more environmentally damaging to extract, as the 'easy pickings' are well on the way to exhaustion. 'Consumer' battery packs will be...

The designed maximum operating speed also determines how much energy absorption is needed in the current regulations. Hence units intended for high speed use will need a larger cab structure than a medium speed commuter unit. Almost impossible to configure a corridor connection through the cab...

It's a secondary fuel (or secondary energy source.) It is not available as a fuel in the natural environment, but can be derived/generated from primary fuel sources.

It's probably a fuel of the future, but there are substantial obstacles that have prevented it's take up in any meaningful amount. As you say, Honda had a working prototype car years ago - but H2 cars are still vanishingly rare, and there's no real momentum to H2 adoption. BEVs, on the other...

The reality is that EV batteries have greatly outperformed the manufacturers very conservative forecasts, and are only showing 10-20% loss of capacity after very high mileages & cycles. Battery leasing was used as a means of providing a risk-free option to prospective purchasers with concerns...

I'd say it's the manufacturer's render overlaid with the in-house artist cutaway and helpful explanations / crayon additions put over the top. Mainly because the same render, without all the fanciful additions, is in the Telegraph. I'd take no suggestions from the drawing whatsoever, it's not...

That tank looks more like a roll of newsprint. I haven't seen a pressure vessel that shape since... well, never, really. I'd expect a rack of small cylinders in this application.