I'm not sure exactly, but I think the guard has to look out of the train to check the train has departed safely.
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The rule which used to say the Guard had to look out has been removed from the rule book, although I understand Northern have issued a local instruction to say the Guard should stay by the door. Whether this is still in force I do not know, but there is no rule book requirement to now with power operated door stock.
Back to the original question, it is often easy to see how mistakes can be made as regards routeing. Many systems - including NRES and our on board Avantix machines just seem to advise on the quickest route and pay no attention to valid routes. This often means that an invalid route is given, even if a valid route is available but takes say 5 mins longer. Unless you have a good knowledge of these things - which to be honest most staff don't, let alone passengers - then it is easy to get it wrong.
There are 3 situations here, which when charging XS fares you have to consider differently.
a) Incorrect Route when the Route is clearly marked - ie Preston to Leeds Rte Burnley, or Bradford to Manchester Rte Halifax. These are regular ones I get almost daily. Most reasons for being off route are given as "well no one told me", which could well be true, but sadly this will warrant an XS as it is stated on the ticket. Where it gets tricky is when Rail staff have obviously given duff information. Eg a passenger the other week was travelling from Telford to Brough, with a ticket marked Rte Sheffield. There are no tickets for this journey which allow travel via Manchester and Leeds, yet the bloke was clutching a print out from a station (is Telford staffed?) which sent him Telford, Wolverhampton, Manchester, Brough - going no where near Sheffield. This is the fault of staff who should know better, but gate duff info. What do you do here? The ticket is clearly not valid - even though a permitted route journey was available about 30 mins later.
b) Tickets marked Any Permitted, which you would consider to be a perfectly sensible route, but isn't. Again often advised by staff incorrectly. Do you XS and charge again or not?
c) Routes which are clearly not logical, nor are they permitted. Eg Carlisle to Liverpool going via Skipton, Leeds, Huddersfield.
When encountering these you have to weigh up each situation individually. Sadly, in many cases, the passenger has been given duff information due to poor staff training, knowledge, attitude, or basic geography skills.
One of the most common ones I get now, which is a REAL pain in the bum is the new fares Northern introduced - Leeds, Dewsbury, Huddersfield etc to Manchester Rte Hebden Bridge. They are slightly cheaper than the Any Permitted ones, and offer different fare options such as SDR, but a lot of people have them and want to go the fast way - thus wasting my time and effort doing lots of silly little 50p type XS fares. From a TOCs point of view this must surely distort to allocation of monies as TPE for example will get signifacantly less of the Rte Hebden Bridge fare than they will the Rte Any Permitted fare - even though most of the Hebden Bridge fares are being used direct via Hud anyway!