The analysis of "surplus" vehicles in Beeching's time was considerably misrepresented. Because of archaic costing systems, vehicle costs were just averaged across the fleet, so all were just charged at (say) £1,000 per month, without any regard for usage or actual cost incurred. Maintenance costs are quite obviously heavily influenced by the mileage done. Older (they were all pre-nationalization then) types were pretty cheap to have available. Then they didn't just get used on August Saturdays, they were only spare if the more mainstream fleet was in use every day of the year, which was of course not the case.
Just look at all the stuff above about wheel flats on multiple units putting them out of service. What do you think covered for them when they were out of use in Beeching's time and kept things going in November?
Clearly I can't remember all the details, but when we went from Newcastle to Scarborough on an August Saturday in the late 1950s I know the old carriages had a very musty smell to them! Between Dore & Totley and Beauchief stations were about 4 sidings where old coaches were kept for similar services from the old West Riding.
Beeching had this to say, page 15;
"The extent to which reserve stock has been held to cover peak demands in the past, and its gross under-utilisation, is shown by the following table, which relates to 1959:-
Total number of gangwayed coaches allocated to fast and semi-fast services, 18,500
Number in year-round service, 5,500
Additional vehicles for regular summer service, 2,000
Available for high peak service, 8,900
Under repair, 2,100
A large number of the coaches available for high peak traffic were only required on a limited number of occasions as the following table, relating to the last 6,000 vehicles in the
fleet, shows:-
Number of Coaches Required on not more than:
2,000 10 occasions
2,000 14 occasions
2,000 18 occasions
The annual cost of providing the 6,000 coaches was £3.4m.
Against this it was estimated that they only earned £0.5m after allowing for all other costs of the movements concerned.
Since the beginning of 1959 the number of passenger-carrying gangway coaches has been
reduced by 5,584 and by the end of 1965 stock will not be available for use at high peak
periods. Efforts will be made to control these peaks by seat reservation schemes and by
fares policy, as is the custom with airline service"