Small town France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal seem not to have an issue with car free centres and a town in Croatia with the largest car free zone is booming. I think that LTNs / car free areas have to be a combined package with suitable transport opportunities in place be they out of town park & ride, buses, trams, railway, cycling & walking with accessible amenities.
It depends what you mean "car free centres". Most UK town centres have a pedestrianised area. The key is providing plentiful free or very cheap parking a short walk from that area.
If you want to see what happens if you neither do that nor provide quality public transport with a late finish (until midnight, say), then look at most UK small town centres and how run-down and half-empty they are.
To use another example I reckon you might just manage to make a fairly large chunk of Lancaster city centre car-free (I mean no parking, not just the present pedestrianised area which is nice enough) if you built an A6 bypass on the west side to the Bay Gateway (currently some places can
only be reached via the centre, including a large industrial estate) and ran a tram along the current A6, but you'll never do it with a half-job bus service. (The M6 does provide a bypass, but it's far too often closed or heavily congested and that pushes traffic via the only other sensible route, via the centre).
There needs to be joined up thinking. Personally I feel we need to think carefully about whether any new out of town supermarkets or retail parks should be built.
Agreed.
Drive thrus should certainly be banned.
I see no reason why they should provided they are positioned to serve those who would be in cars anyway, i.e. on main roads.
Takeaways will not thrive without road access except in areas of very high density housing where those within about 100-200m will provide enough custom, which is only really the case in our largest cities. You'll note that those pedestrianised areas don't contain many takeaways unless they do primarily lunchtime business when people are in the centre anyway. If you look at Ormskirk the pedestrianised area is near enough all retail and coffee places/sit in cafes, with some pubs on the fringe, and almost all takeaways and evening type restaurants are in areas with direct road access to the frontage.