I pointed out London and Belfast because they are not deregulated, hence that excuse doesn't work there. London is of course more advanced, but it took LT decades until they brought out the Saver ticket, followed by Oyster. Why such a long wait? And still no integration with the tube.
Belfast could easily bring in a zonal fare system as it has had smartcards for years. Dublin is not in the UK but follows a lot of British practices, including stage-based fares, and no integration between bus and Luas.
The point is, British culture and insularity is responsible here. We have three different models in operation in the British Isles: franchising, state operation and deregulation, yet there is little difference in outcome when it comes to fare systems.
There are a number of different ticketing systems in Europe outside the UK and Ireland but in almost all major urban areas they allow you to buy singles away from the driver.
What about short hops or tickets outside of the flat fare areas? Even in a stage based system, you should be able to put in your start stop and end stop in the app and it should be able to sell you a ticket for the whole journey, including changes of bus.
You have your views. People, better people than me, have explained the situation but you don't seem to wish to acknowledge that.
The differences can be attributed to history and various aspects, some of which are lost in the mists of time. Some are undoubtedly cultural whereas some are legislative, commercial, etc. Some of it is clearly because a decision was taken in 1893 and it's stuck - I grant you all of that.
Also, you point out various examples from various cities. However, the rest of the world isn't some homogenous template that the UK singularly thumbs its nose at. You continually cite the best examples from Europe and no one can deny the Netherlands as an exemplar of good public transport and cycling funding and execution but that's not to say you'll find the same in Italy.
We could increase funding to comparable or higher levels but this government has singularly sought to REDUCE funding for local authorities and for bus and rail support in particular. However, I see no indication that this will change any time soon, irrespective of whether it is the Boris Backers or the Corbynistas or, god forbid, Farage in charge. When you look at what voters think is important (excluding Brexit), the NHS wins by a mile followed by the Economy, Pay and Job Security, Housing and then Education so sadly, I don't see any extra money that will make a fundamental difference coming the way of transport.
Call me cynical, but I suspect the Buses Bill (as per other stuff with Osborne) was just another way of hollowing out the state. Transfer the responsibility to local government, then remove BSOG altogether as per the Big Society and the over 75s TV licenses.