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How are the Chinese getting hold of BR1B keys.

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stadler

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Does anyone know how the Chinese are getting hold of BR1B keys to sell online? I noticed a huge amount of Chinese sellers on various websites are selling these keys and i am trying to work out how they are getting hold of them?

This key is known as the "BR1B Key" or "BR1 Key" or "21 Key" depending who you ask but all three are names for the same key. This is one of the most common keys on the railway and allows you access to all kinds of stuff including opening cab doors from the saloon and opening various door control panels and electrical cupboards onboard trains. They are also occasionally used as a door key to access some restricted areas in a few places. They are used all over the railway and they are not really something that you would want to get in to the hands of the wrong person.

A friend of mine who is an ex Guard like me noticed this the other month and pointed it out. Since i had became aware this has just really baffled me as to how they are getting hold of them.

These keys are being sold all over the internet by sellers based in China on sites like Amazon and Ebay and Etsy and Ali Express and all kinds of other sites.

They are mostly being sold under terms like, "antique key", "magic key", "skeleton key", "trick key", "vintage key" "collectable key", "ghost key", "ancient key", etc.

Here are just some of the listings i have found where these keys are being sold:











































This is just a small selection. There is at least a couple hundred listings on various sites. The list would be endless if i listed them all. Just on Ebay alone there are at least thirty different sellers. They are being sold very widely online.

I should point out that there is no law against selling or owning BR1B keys and no railway keys are restricted items so from a legal view i do not think they are doing anything wrong by selling them.

All of these are different sellers but the thing that links all of them is that they are all Chinese based sellers. All of them are in China which is what i find odd. I highly doubt China uses these keys for anything.

I know these keys sometimes turn up on Ebay as one off second hand keys that people get hold of. But this is different. This is sellers in China who have got hold of bulk amounts of brand new BR1B keys.

I decided to investigate this about a month ago and i ordered keys from eight different sellers to see what i would receive. All of them have arrived now and they are indeed BR1B keys. So it is not just stock photos that they are using. They are actually sending out real BR1B keys.

Also all of the keys were sent from China too. So it is not just Chinese sellers who have warehouses in the UK. They are actually posting them from China and sending it to the UK. You can tell on all the postage labels on the envelopes that it originated from China and was sent from there.

All of the keys have BR1B written on one side and Pakex written on the other side. Pakex are a company that supply keys and various other railway equipment to our TOCs. Lots of railway staff will have been issued with these Pakex supplied BR1B keys.

You can see the keys on their site here:


However these keys are only available to purchase from Pakex by TOCs. They do not allow the general public to purchase. So i highly doubt the Chinese sellers have got hold of them from there.

The only thing i can think if is that Pakex contract some factory in China to produce their BR1B keys and somebody at that factory is selling or distributing these keys to various people in China to sell. I doubt Pakex are aware of this or have given permission for these to be sold. But this is the only possibility i could think of. Maybe the factory is distributing them to people in China without permission.

So i would be curious to know if anyone has any ideas as to what is going on here and how these Chinese sellers are getting hold of these? This has really baffled me and i would like to get to the bottom of this so i would be curious if anyone knows anything about this?
 
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Chucky

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They make the keys (like many other things) in China at a factory engaged by Pakex to do so. Most of the goods we buy are Chinese produced, and Chinese websites will sell you pretty much anything you want. I don't think there's any more to it than that.
 

stadler

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They make the keys (like many other things) in China at a factory engaged by Pakex to do so. Most of the goods we buy are Chinese produced, and Chinese websites will sell you pretty much anything you want. I don't think there's any more to it than that.
That is probably the case then. That is what i presumed. I am just surprised that the factory is selling them on to other people too. Pakex is the one that is contracted the factory to make them so it seems odd for the factory to then sell them to others as well. But i suppose like you say in China they will sell pretty much anything. Also i wonder what made these Chinese sellers even want to get hold of these BR1B keys in the first place.
 

jon0844

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Clearly they sell them to enthusiasts or people who probably shouldn't have one, going by the number of incidents reported on Southern with people accessing cabs.
 

muz379

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I imagine there is probably the expectation that something that something that looks so outdated would be obselete .

Ive often thought that when you see ebay listings for these with the typical sort of line as follows that the people selling them don't realise they are still a pretty common key in use on the railway - "parent/grandparent used to work on the railway and was clearing out their things and found this interesting antique key"
 

G_for_Gnome

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I’d guess one of 2 things, and it depends whether the factory that manufactures these things in China is either complicit or not. They could be running an off-the-books additional shift making exactly the same stuff they’re contracted to, and then sell it illicitly. But I suspect that’s more prevalent on higher value stuff.

Or someone has got hold of one of these keys, and replicated it exactly over and over again using whatever methods are open to them, I can’t imagine it would be too difficult and would end up including the manufacturer’s logo, could be by design, by accident, or by laziness - in this case the factory is not complicit.

Illicit by Moises Naim is a few years old now but a good read on all things counterfeit, smuggling etc etc

It could be that these are genuinely BR keys from retirees and leavers etc, but are there really that many in circulation and why would they be in China?

I’m not sure how I’d suggest the OP proceed after their experiment, report to Trading Standards? British Transport Police as it feels like at least a bit of a security risk? Does the Department for Transport have a sort of rail security team? I think it is a good idea to tell Pakex what you’ve found, at the very least and perhaps ask them how they’d proceed.
 
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BlueLeanie

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They are very pretty keys.

Long, symmetrical, solid brass, looks historic, but cheaper than a keyring.

I'd buy it in a souvenir shop to use as a keyring.
 

krus_aragon

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I can't think that many genuine "antique" keys would be engraved with a maker's telephone number using an 01707 area code (which was only introduced in 1995).
 

Topological

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I can't think that many genuine "antique" keys would be engraved with a maker's telephone number using an 01707 area code (which was only introduced in 1995).

Whilst it would be nice to say it was not, 1995 is getting towards antique.

Certainly, we will be seeing 1996's Bull Boys shoes, as endorsed by Gareth Southgate "champion of the England national football team" as antique soon enough. (The advert is on YouTube for those old enough to remember)

Having a system reliant on something which can be physically copied is open to all sorts of abuse. IF we see security of the cab as important, it would be a good idea to move to something more secure.
 

Mcr Warrior

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I shouldn't think they'd be especially hard to machine once you got hold of one to copy

Indeed. Knock-off replicas, presumably, which have been artificially aged to appear 'antique'. And probably fresher than the bread my local supermarket sells off relatively cheaply just before closing time. Caveat emptor! :rolleyes:
 

jon0844

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Reminds me of the countless scam YouTube channels where they artificially age things to make them look old, so they can 'restore' them.
 

Dai Corner

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Out of curiosity, do railway companies ensure that all keys issued to staff are returned when they leave? Wherever I've worked a note was kept of the keys I was issued with and a senior member of staff ensured they were returned on my last day (sometimes ceremoniously in exchange for a memento at my leaving do!).
 

dosxuk

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The only thing i can think if is that Pakex contract some factory in China to produce their BR1B keys and somebody at that factory is selling or distributing these keys to various people in China to sell. I doubt Pakex are aware of this or have given permission for these to be sold. But this is the only possibility i could think of. Maybe the factory is distributing them to people in China without permission.

As a manufacturer, unless you have very tight control over the process, what often happens with Chinese manufacturing is that you contract a company to make things for you - you send them all the designs, specifications, tolerances and so on, and they will make a batch of them for you. If you're happy with them, and then want another batch, the original factory will have moved on from making that sort of thing, so they'll accept your order, but then ask another factory to make them (and often not to your specifications, but to the ones that they used, which may not be exactly the same). You can often end up with a whole chain of this going on.

What then happens is that one of the sub-contracted companies gets interested in what they're making and wonders if they could sell them direct, so makes a bunch extra and then sells them on to various selling groups to see what happens - and then they end up on alibaba / amazon / ebay / etc.

It's this sort of behaviour that has meant western companies now often buy or build their own manufacturing facilities in the far east, so they can have strong control over the whole process. It also means many utilise tradmark and copyright laws in ways never really intended in order to stop the flow of these non-oem products - there's a story here of a company in the US forced to destroy $30k of stock because of an unintentional trademark infringement.
 

Moonshot

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Out of curiosity, do railway companies ensure that all keys issued to staff are returned when they leave? Wherever I've worked a note was kept of the keys I was issued with and a senior member of staff ensured they were returned on my last day (sometimes ceremoniously in exchange for a memento at my leaving do!).
I ve got dozens of all sorts of railway keys....when I finally retire, I will sell them on e bay
 

Astro_Orbiter

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I think it's about time the railway moved on from these keys and locks. It's insane that any secure area/cab/cupboards etc with anything of importance in should be protected by a carriage/T key or a 21 key.
 

G_for_Gnome

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I think it's about time the railway moved on from these keys and locks. It's insane that any secure area/cab/cupboards etc with anything of importance in should be protected by a carriage/T key or a 21 key.
Agreed. I’ve seen on some of the newer trains, there is a move away from using T-keys for access to cabs - instead they use keys that are solely for the task of accessing cabs, with a much stricter control of issuing of these keys. I suspect similar across other TOCs.

Still, even on newer trains, with just a T-key I suspect you could get up to a lot of stuff you shouldn’t be able to, if you know where to look. We know it happens from time to time. Not the easiest thing to resolve.

Whilst the easy access to mass produced specialist keys from China seems relatively new, the phenomenon of railway keys being available to almost anyone isn’t new. I remember having a credible-ish need for a BR T-key in the early 2000s, got so fed up of begging and borrowing them that bought one for myself…from ebay for a few quid - about 20 years ago! Something should probably change there too, I guess.
 

Lewisham2221

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They are used all over the railway and they are not really something that you would want to get in to the hands of the wrong person.
Yet you decided to post on a public internet forum, a list of their uses and links to numerous pages selling them...
 

greatkingrat

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Having more secure keys sounds fine in principle, until you get trains being delayed because the driver has dropped the key down the gap and nobody has a spare.
 

Topological

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Having more secure keys sounds fine in principle, until you get trains being delayed because the driver has dropped the key down the gap and nobody has a spare.
Does it not need to be a technology-based solution?

Depots would then have the ability to make new ones and cancel "lost" keys.

It just needs the failure state to be open (rather than closed) in case a power outage then locks the cab.
 

alxndr

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They are very pretty keys.

Long, symmetrical, solid brass, looks historic, but cheaper than a keyring.

I'd buy it in a souvenir shop to use as a keyring.
I have one that I was legitimately issued but haven't had need of for several years but it's still on my keyring as it makes my keys easily recognisable when a lot of us have the same keys. It's that bent that it's unlikely it'd actually open anything these days!
 

wilbers

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Whilst it would be nice to say it was not, 1995 is getting towards antique.

No it isn't. Antique means 100+ years old. However vintage can be used for 20-99 years old so 1995 precisely only needs to wait another year for that - 1995 design made later doesn't count.
 

Camberman

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How much of a security and safety risk does the unauthorised use of these keys pose? Is it high, medium or low?

NOTE - please don't provide any specific details of how and where the risks might occur (for obvious security reasons).
 

sh24

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You could easily 3D print one in a hard resin for £50, and for a factory with a decent CAD designer could easily mill one for a couple of quid. Chinese businesses are truly world class at taking a design, copying and evolving it.
 

dgl

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I'm somewhat surprised that the keys are made in China, most blanks from the likes of Jma, Errebi and Silca are made in Europe.
Though it's hardly cutting edge engineering to copy/make a regular key, our key cutting machine at work is hardly the pinnacle of cutting edge engineering!
 

stadler

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Out of curiosity, do railway companies ensure that all keys issued to staff are returned when they leave? Wherever I've worked a note was kept of the keys I was issued with and a senior member of staff ensured they were returned on my last day (sometimes ceremoniously in exchange for a memento at my leaving do!).
Not from my experience. I worked as a Guard from the 70s to the 90s and still have my keys. I left the railway industry a few months before privitisation. When i left i was never asked for any of these keys back. In fact in my depot they had boxes of BR1B Keys and T Keys and Driver Master Keys and various other keys like BR16 Keys and you could just help yourself to these keys without asking anyone. So they did not even control who they were being given to. I still have around twenty keys from my railway days. But i can not comment on what it is like these days. Maybe it is stricter and they ask for them back nowadays.
 

lyndhurst25

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I wonder how much Pakex UK charge the train-operating-companies for these keys after their inevitable mark up? These "out of the factory back door" versions could be a way for them to save money on their next order.
 
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