Given that there is the possibility of fragments being deliberately added to bombs, the whole concept of not having solid bins in order to prevent shrapnel is somewhat flawed - the real point is that they can conceal a bomb. Hence why the clear waste bags on loops are used, as you can spot something unusually bulky or suspicious-looking - in theory. Few people pay much attention to the depths of a bin bag, though, so this can be flawed (hence you may not find even clear plastic bags).
Now, a real reason for not providing fixed bins is what could happen if a bomb was detonated in that location, bearing in mind where the bin is (structural supports, meeting points, you name it). This will all be risk-assessed - you can't have a terrorist work out where to put a bomb so that it will not be noticed until it demolishes the building! This can be a very good reason why you may not find bins at some points in some public places, but you may find a cluster in some insignificant area. Because structural supports are probably quite solid, they can provide a useful backdrop for a CCTV operator to scan against to look for freestanding suspicious items, so it is much better that they are not concealed in bins.
Litter bins on trains are rather safer as they are small and so impossible to stuff much more than a paper or food waste into. Without them, you'd get a lot more mess!
The alternative is to ask the vendor to dispose of your litter, ask politely if you can see a bin behind the desk at an information booth, or just take it with you!
I am not going to go into specific locations where this can be demonstrated, or where this theory of removal can be proved to be flawed.
