Out of curiosity, are route signals given far enough in advance (i.e. where the double yellow would be if the signal were red) that a driver could have stopped before the "wrong turn"? If so, is there a reason the driver didn't do this?
The normal practice is only to require approach control / approach release if the speed differential for the lower speed diverging route is significantly lower than the highest speed route.
Hence, if the speed differential is not significantly different, you get a normal aspect sequence that is based only on how many sections are clear ahead for the selected route (as set by the signaller). So a driver could have a sequence of greens on approach and through the junction.
With approach control / approach release, the junction signal is held at red (to slow the speed of the train to a level safe enough for the junction points). As the train approaches the junction signal, it will clear to a proceed aspect (based on how many sections are clear ahead for the selected route).
Flashing yellow(s) replaces the approach control / approach release so that the train driver can control the speed of the train for the junction points, this increases line capacity and reduces the amount of time lost due to unnecessary braking.
Complete layman question from me but just out of curiosity: would a PRI be of use approaching Cogload junction if the speeds are the same / within threshold?
PRI was not a requirement at the time this signalling was designed or installed. Hence it’s not provided. I doubt there is or would be any funds available to pay for any alterations.
If the train didn't reach the points, why did it have to reverse back to the signal? Is it something to do with the points and the signal being part of the same system and so the points can't just be moved with the train where it was?
Interlocking prevents signallers from changing points once trains are in section. This is to prevent the risk of points moving under trains and derailing them.
Exactly. Once the signaller has set the route and the signal has attempted to clear to a proceed aspect (regardless of if it actually showed a valid proceed aspect), the interlocking electrically locks all points in the route that was called, plus any points required for flank protection. If the train stops before the junction signal, the signaller can cancel the route and after a time delay (2 to 6 minutes), the route will release (become free, with the points no longer locked). This feature is called approach locking and is designed to prevent the signaller being able to immediately cancel the route, then be able to move points ahead of a train that may be unable to stop…
However, as soon as the train passes the junction signal (if it is or had been showing a proceed aspect), no matter what the signaller does, the route will stay locked (route locking) to protect the train. The route locking will only release when the train has cleared the section.
If a train has passed the junction signal and has been wrong routed, there are only two options. It can continue in the normal direction. Or it can set back in rear of the junction signal.