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Terrace housing

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railfan99

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You have large swathes of c.1890s terraces in many cities.

I gather many originally had a shared toilet between two residences.

Plymouth is one example.

Are very few rows heritage listed?

Are owner occupiers tending to renovate these to bring them up to 21st century standard or are the vast majority rented privately?
 
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Gloster

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I am not so sure how common shared toilets were, at least between houses with their own front doors. I would have thought that more typical was the toilet at the back of each house, although this would be used by all occupants of a property. There might be regional differences.
 

61653 HTAFC

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My maternal grandparents lived in an end-terrace Coal Board house which (originally) had a toilet which was integrated into the structure of the building but accessed by an external door with no internal connection. In later years, one of the internal walls was knocked through to create a new doorway, and the old external door was bricked up.
 

Magdalia

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Cambridge has literally thousands of Victorian terraced properties. They are very desirable and expensive, don't expect any change from £500k. Many are in the streets off Mill Road, which crosses the railway just north of the main Cambridge station, these would once have been very popular for railway employees.

Most will be owner occupied though there will also be private renting. Almost all will have modern kitchens and bathrooms, in the UK there is a widespread obsession with home improvements, some of it "do it yourself" (DIY). The exceptions will be some old people who have lived in the same house for half a century or more but not done much in the way of improvements.

There are many perverse incentives in the UK property market, especially the way it is taxed. Continuous occupation of the same property is lightly taxed through council tax but moving is heavily taxed through stamp duty, so people upgrade existing properties instead of moving.

Some terraced properties are listed, but I can't think of any in Cambridge. One of the best known railway related examples is 1-7 Midland Place near Derby station.


1-7, Midland Place​

A Grade II Listed Building in Derby, City of Derby​

 

birchesgreen

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I don't know about shared bogs, outside ones were common though. In fact my Nan in Liverpool never had an indoor toilet, her house still didn't have one when she died in the late 80s, i assume the house has got one now!
 

Ianigsy

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Most of Saltaire, for a start. The National Trust also have a set of back to backs in Birmingham.
 

61653 HTAFC

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Even listing wouldn't, in the vast majority of cases, rule out modernisation including the fitting of indoor plumbing to a modern standard.
 

Ken X

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Talking to my builder grandfather many years ago he said when it was first suggested that toilets be installed within a house rather than outside in the garden there was considerable opposition as it was deemed unsanitary. Far better to separate the toilet from the living quarters and maintain hygiene. Funny old world isn't it.
 

telstarbox

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On my terraced street some of the houses have had bathrooms added at the back of the ground floor kitchen. In ours it's upstairs in what used to be the third bedroom.
 

ChiefPlanner

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I am not so sure how common shared toilets were, at least between houses with their own front doors. I would have thought that more typical was the toilet at the back of each house, although this would be used by all occupants of a property. There might be regional differences.

"Shared" external toilets were fairly common in both terraced houses and "flats" at one time , but increasing and improving standards from the 1870's mandated better provision (I forget now the actual Parlimentary bill) - but that and running water certainly improved matters (if not plumbed in bathrooms which even as late as the 1960's was often not provided - no wonder the post war social housing was desired !)
 

Mcr Warrior

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...but increasing and improving standards from the 1870's mandated better provision (I forget now the actual Parlimentary bill)...
Public Health Act, 1875, perhaps? (If so, that's now almost a century and a half ago).
 

ChiefPlanner

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Public Health Act, 1875, perhaps? (If so, that's now almost a century and a half ago).

That sounds right - just as well really with the avalanche of suburban development that took place in the last quarter of the century and well into the Edwardian era.
 

Devonian

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To step outside the lavatory for a moment: the vast majority of terraced housing is not listed, as the type is so common (about 28% of our houses!) as to be in no danger of extinction. Indeed, it was government policy to demolish vast swathes of such housing as recently as this century. There are exceptions as noted above.

Most of the terraced housing will be owner-occupied, and will usually have been improved, most of the rest privately rented and the degree of improvement will usually be to at least a minimum 20th(!) century standard. For example, almost all (but still not all) will have proper indoor plumbing and, since it became cheaper to replace windows rather than repair them, most will have double glazing. About 7% of our housing stock fails to meet official 'modern facilities' criteria, and the terraces are likely to be no better than this.

It's important to note that there are a huge variety of terraced houses, built to a huge range of standards. Ignoring the grand 'palace front' terraces of Bath, London and the Scottish cities built for even the upper-middle classes, the highest standard of ordinary terrace would have been built for the middle classes, were spacious and well-appointed, and usually included indoor plumbing by the end of the Victorian era (sinks and baths were first to be included indoors, often both in the kitchen/scullery in poorer houses, then washbasins, then WCs). They are still very desirable houses.

At the same time the poorest sort of terraces - the aforementioned back-to-backs, which only had windows on one side of the house - were usually built with shared sanitary facilities, which often meant a bucket privy; in Leeds, for example, blocks of eight houses with a shared 'closet yard' between them were common.

In between them were grades of terraced houses built with shared or private sanitation. The archetypal terraced house (like those in 'Coronation Street' or 'Billy Elliot') had its own lav in the back yard, but there are indeed regional differences, as each council set their own standards until 1906, and the poorer or more industrial the district, or the denser the houses, the more likely to have shared lavs and washhouses.

The sanitation was almost always outside for practical reasons: grouping a bucket privy with the washhouse in the back yard of a house meant that it could be emptied into a cart through a hatch from a service alley between the rows of houses. If/when WCs were fitted, keeping them outside still made sense - the drains run under the service alley, and there was no spare space indoors. It was policy in some areas for council houses to be built with outside-accessed lavatories (even if they were by then within the envelope of the house) right up to the 1930s as they were considered 'familiar to' and 'preferred' by the working class! There were government grants to modernise housing and install plumbing in the second half of the 20th century. Some councils came up with prefabricated bathroom units which could be attached to older housing stock, but usually bathrooms were built in extensions in the back yard accessed through the kitchen (still very common) or by sacrificing a bedroom. I have also seen houses where a bathroom was built to form a 'corridor' between the kitchen and the detached outside lavatory.

Terraces fell out of favour in the 20th Century when the semi-detached house came to dominate. Now they are coming back on new developments, as people have realised that they are thermally efficient and can be built more densely. All but the poorest terraces are now desirable, as they are often quite spacious compared to new builds: here's one of those archetypal two-up, two-down terraced houses, with no indoor lavatory and no bathroom at all, that was put on sale for a mere £90,000 just a few moths ago! https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/145604297
 

WesternLancer

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A key challenge for these sorts of homes now is around improving insulation. Their age means that they are solid wall construction so no cavity available to inject insulation into. That means they need external or internal solid wall insulation fitting. This is more expensive than cavity wall insulation.

Poorer quality homes of this type were mostly demolished in 60s and 70s clearance schemes. What remains today tends to be of better standard of construction. Unlike some of their replacements but that is another story!
 

Shaw S Hunter

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A key challenge for these sorts of homes now is around improving insulation. Their age means that they are solid wall construction so no cavity available to inject insulation into. That means they need external or internal solid wall insulation fitting. This is more expensive than cavity wall insulation.

Poorer quality homes of this type were mostly demolished in 60s and 70s clearance schemes. What remains today tends to be of better standard of construction. Unlike some of their replacements but that is another story!

This is absolutely the biggest issue. Not only due to the method of wall construction but also many have effectively shared loft space. So for loft insulation to be fully effective it needs for the whole terrace to be done at once. But with private ownership being the norm this is very difficult to co-ordinate, certainly something that really needs some sort of government intervention. I'm not holding my breath!
 

GRALISTAIR

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When I got married in 1980, we moved into a terrace house in Preston. It had been heavily renovated and had an inside toilet - but it also had an outside toilet. In Preston, as terrace houses get extended, remodeled and modernized, shared toilets and even outside toilets are becoming rarer.
 
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Jamiescott1

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We owned one in centre of high wycombe.
Solid walls so it was freezing cold in the winter but nice and cool in the summer
 

davews

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For what it is worth I live in a mid terrace house, but of the ones built in Bracknell as part of the new town in the 196os. Nothing like the Victorian ones you talk about, and of course inside loos. But I am old enough to remember outside loos at the bottom of the garden with newspaper instead of proper toilet rolls. We survived.... Times change.
 

Gloster

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For what it is worth I live in a mid terrace house, but of the ones built in Bracknell as part of the new town in the 196os. Nothing like the Victorian ones you talk about, and of course inside loos. But I am old enough to remember outside loos at the bottom of the garden with newspaper instead of proper toilet rolls. We survived.... Times change.

Very posh: using The Times as toilet paper.
 

Western Lord

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Terraces fell out of favour in the 20th Century when the semi-detached house came to dominate. Now they are coming back on new developments, as people have realised that they are thermally efficient and can be built more densely. All but the poorest terraces are now desirable, as they are often quite spacious compared to new builds: here's one of those archetypal two-up, two-down terraced houses, with no indoor lavatory and no bathroom at all, that was put on sale for a mere £90,000 just a few moths ago! https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/145604297
I would question the statement that terraces fell out of favour in the 20th century, the post WWII new towns are full of them, usually outnumbering semi-detached properties.
 

DarloRich

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Firstly we must define our terms: I am going to assume we mean the traditional working class terraced house rather than some fancy Georgian effort in Bath or central London!

Are owner occupiers tending to renovate these to bring them up to 21st century standard
no: I quite like going for a carp at the end of the garden every night! ;)

do you think we live in hovels? Of course they are upgraded. ;)

I have lived in terraced housing the majority of my adult life and they are ideal small houses for younger people or starter families. They are generally 2/3 bed houses, relatively cheap to buy and run, easy to repair, absolutely solid construction and (generally) with few issues on the title deeds or documents.

they CAN be cold in winter but that can be fixed by getting the roof space insulation up to modern standards. As they are solid brick construction there is no cavity to fill and external cladding/insulation looks awful and isn't, imo, worth the bother.

I have both owned and rented. My house now is the only house I could afford in the town when I bought it. it needed a complete refurbishment back to bare brick as it had not been touched since the 1960's in my estimation. You can see the work required on the pictures on my Flickr stream. It needed new electrics, plumbing and gas fittings, new sanitary & kitchen fittings and a complete replaster. I was also able to create a small toilet/shower room in what was the old toilet AND extend the kitchen! I also needed some roof work to the underfelt and battens and things like a complete guttering and flashing replacement but NOT a new roof thankfully!

I would say mine is a typical working class 2 bed terraced house. Victorian period construction of VERY solid local brick. Initially there would be 2 rooms downstairs. A front/sitting room with a bay window (!) and a rear kitchen. There were two bedrooms upstairs. There are big fireplaces in all 4 rooms (now blanked off but still operable) There was no bathroom. A toilet and coal shed combo was attached to the rear of the house but accessed from the yard.

At some point (and I cant work out the date from the deeds) a small rear 2 story extension was erected moving the kitchen into the extension ground floor and the bathroom above. There must have been a coal range in the kitchen as a large rear chimney was added This created a back room! very posh! All of the houses in the area were similarly altered. However the outside toilet was retained.

When I moved in I still had an outside toilet ( as well as an inside one) but I renovated and "knocked through" to extend the kitchen. Interestingly the bathroom in this house is bigger than some of the bedrooms in my other terraced houses. It is also attached to the second bedroom so it must have meant little privacy for the users of the back bedroom. Several houses in the street have taken some of the back room space to create a corridor to turn the bathroom into a third bedroom but mine retains three BIG upstairs rooms.

In my area there are few rear extensions as space is limited but you often see a bigger rear extension on terraced houses to accommodate another bedroom. These days people also extend into the loft space as my neighbours have done. my loft is very tall and could easily offer another large room at the expense of the space needed on the first floor for the stairs.

My house is REALLY solid. It isn't going anywhere short of them building a motorway or HS3!
I am not so sure how common shared toilets were, at least between houses with their own front doors. I would have thought that more typical was the toilet at the back of each house, although this would be used by all occupants of a property.
Correct - this is standard in my experience although I am sure there were differences, especially in the earlier types. There was no bathroom of course until much , much later!

My maternal grandparents lived in an end-terrace Coal Board house which (originally) had a toilet which was integrated into the structure of the building but accessed by an external door with no internal connection. In later years, one of the internal walls was knocked through to create a new doorway, and the old external door was bricked up.
yes - standard. At some point later I assume they got the standard bathroom extension

shared toilets
no one has a shared toilet - surely! it is 2024 not 1824!

looking at the terraced houses I have lived in I cant see evidence of there ever having been shared toilets although I have seen deeds for slightly older houses with shared wash blocks & cess pits at the end of the back lane. ( they tend to have gone when the town in question extended and more terraces were built over them)

All of mine have had the standard two door outbuilding: one side coal store, the other side toilet. ( variation: whether it was connected to the house or the back yard wall - I suspect it depends where the sewer ran)

EDIT - I think the shared toilet may be more common with a "back to back" house, which while a terraced construction is not quite the same thing.

Far better to separate the toilet from the living quarters and maintain hygiene
that was plumbing quality/materials related though. It was a problem in the early days

Not only due to the method of wall construction but also many have effectively shared loft space. So for loft insulation to be fully effective it needs for the whole terrace to be done at once. But with private ownership being the norm this is very difficult to co-ordinate, certainly something that really needs some sort of government intervention. I'm not holding my breath!
mine will have had a common loft space along the terrace at some point but the gap has been closed up with more modern brickwork at an unknown date. On purchasing this will always be mentioned on your survey report as a fire/security risk but in honesty I doubt I would have done anything about it due to the additional costs involved in the work.
 

ainsworth74

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Terraces fell out of favour in the 20th Century when the semi-detached house came to dominate. Now they are coming back on new developments, as people have realised that they are thermally efficient and can be built more densely. All but the poorest terraces are now desirable, as they are often quite spacious compared to new builds: here's one of those archetypal two-up, two-down terraced houses, with no indoor lavatory and no bathroom at all, that was put on sale for a mere £90,000 just a few moths ago! https://www.rightmove.co.uk/properties/145604297
Blimey that's retro! Also interesting to see local variations in the housing market. Around here that would probably go for around £50,000. £90,000 is roughly the going rate for one that's been modernised!
 

DarloRich

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An internal bathroom was added to the house at some point, but it wasn't an extension- it "borrowed" space from two of the bedrooms.
aha! one of mine was like that. The rear bedroom was partitioned to make a bathroom. Made for a VERY small second bedroom and a small bathroom.

I have had terraces with that lay out, a 2 story extension, a one story rear extension and ground floor bathroom made out of the old coal house!
 

WesternLancer

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For an example of a fairly radical upgrade of the traditional pre 1919 era terraced housing see Chimney Pot Park redevelopment in Salford. However, this is an unusual level of intervention in what I assume was a 'failing housing market' at the time, where the alternative was probably demolition. Some pictures and info here:


Previously a group of rundown and derelict streets in Salford, Langworthy as it was then known, was identified as a project due for ambitious urban renewal. The local council wanted to provide an element of social or affordable housing to attract first time buyers, but it also needed to be a profitable enterprise for a developer.

Rather than demolish or give way to a complete contemporary replacement, shedkm’s approach was to retain the existing street pattern and design a radical evolution of the terraced housing. Our idea was to celebrate the desirable aspects of this typology – the human scale, tradition and existing fabric – whilst designing out its constraints to accommodate modern living standards and preferences.

That link and text is provided by an organisation associated with the project - so no idea how well it reflects the experiences of people who live there!
 

railfan99

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To step outside the lavatory for a moment: the vast majority of terraced housing is not listed, as the type is so common (about 28% of our houses!) as to be in no danger of extinction. Indeed, it was government policy to demolish vast swathes of such housing as recently as this century. There are exceptions as noted above.

Most of the terraced housing will be owner-occupied...

I wouldn't have known the last point. I'd have said 'most would be rented'.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

Firstly we must define our terms: I am going to assume we mean the traditional working class terraced house rather than some fancy Georgian effort in Bath or central London!

Indeed DarloRich: 100 per cent on the money.
 

steamybrian

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With my parents in 1957 I moved into a two bedroom terraced house in Croydon (now South London) which had no bathroom and an outside toilet. The house was built around 1840-45 when the railway through East Croydon was built. In 1970 we had built a kitchen extension which included a bathroom and inside toilet. It was the first one in the block of about five houses to have one. None of the houses were listed and they are still there today but unsure whether now they all have inside toilets or bathrooms.
By 1983 I had moved to Kent when on getting married I bought a small terraced house built around 1900 since then got divorced but have moved to another house but still rent the house out. The terrace of houses are all in still good condition but none of them are listed. There are many such terraced houses around the country.
 

ChiefPlanner

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I wouldn't have known the last point. I'd have said 'most would be rented'.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==



Indeed DarloRich: 100 per cent on the money.
Vast quantities of "terraced housing" were not neccesarily built near say mines or factories - but built for a much wider range of "consumers" and often built for sale , not rental.

Take the example of East Ham - developed by speculative builders - "for sale" - example being the Poets Estate circa 1895 - decent houses with bay windows etc and all given a cachet by being names after literary greats like Shakespeare , Browning etc. They now go for around £600,000 or so.

South Wales - the Valleys - known for endless terraces and few other house types - often built by public good purposes by locally funded "mortgage brokers" - often on a mutual and little profit basis. (but in South West Wales the geography was less restrictive and land a bit cheaper , so stone built semi detached houses predominated - I was brought up in one which was 1908 built, - yes it had an outside toilet which survived till the 1960 as a "spare" !)
 

gg1

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On the subject of toilets, in some areas council houses built either side of WW2 included both a new fangled indoor toilet in the bathroom and a traditional outside toilet in an outhouse, presumably the latter was to cater for the people mentioned earlier who considered an indoor loo to be unhygienic.
 

WesternLancer

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Of more general note is that the origins of terraced housing are that it was a built type particularly good for / liked by Victorian property development as a method of getting quantities of housing on the land available, so it was a profitable design type.

But it was often criticised for albescence of the things that helped create healthy lifestyles (little or no garden or green space for example, esp in large cities - tho not always) and poor relationship with daylight (homes on other side of the street blocking this off) fresh air etc.

This stimulated the ideas behind the Garden City Movement (which spurned the new towns that politicians even today like to invoke) of differing layouts, more green space, architectural variety, separation from polluting industry nearby etc etc - this was formalised by govt ahead of the 'homes for heroes' council house building programme that commenced after the Great War - in the Tudor Walters Report as described here


From that pint onwards domestic housing stoles changed significantly - although of course as mentioned upthread terraced housing was still a type favoured, albeit with differing design or the creation of short blocks of terraces within a larger scheme.
 
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