Instead of being a threat, Bi-modes could be seen as an opportunity to carry out a rolling programme of progressive electrification, without the pressure of a fleet renewal deadline. Even while still carrying their diesel gen sets, every mile saved on diesel is engine hours and fuel saved, with maintenance and off wire range implications, so gradual extension of electrification can still makes sense. As the proportion of off wire running in typical diagrams decreases, the practicality of replacing many if not all of the bi-modes' diesel power packs with moderately sized battery packs increases, so they could continue to be able to run through short gaps in wiring where provision would be very difficult or expensive. Pennine tunnels are an example. The alchemy will then be in optimising the size of the on board batteries (and any remaing self powered engine modules) to the characteristics of the diagrams served. The modular nature of the AT300 trains seems to lend itself to this kind of evolution over its service life.