Sounds like it's too late now. but how long were you queuing for? Is there a suitable earlier train? Is the workplace near any other stations?
There's only one viable option I could see here. You say you have a disabled bus pass - does that disability make you unable to drive? If so, and the employer knew this when hiring you, and there's no reasonable way to get to work earlier by public transport, and your lateness was nearly always caused by transport failures - then you could possibily have an unfair dismissal case arguing that they've failed to make a reasonable adjustment for your protected charachteristic. But there's certainly no action you can take against the railway, especially because it's highly unlikely you were sacked for being late just once.
Some employers are more lenient than others however none would dismiss you for being late once. They would almost certainly have an unfair dismissal case to deal with if they did and that might cause reputational damage..
It’s probably similar in length to the one you use if you are driving or using a bus to get to work. Which largely depends on the individual and their definition of what being at work in time actually means - for some 30 seconds early will do and for others it’s 30 minutes.
Not really, you're not expected to be at the bus stop x amount of minutes before departure in order to buy a ticket.
But they are means of transport where an arrival time may be even more in the hands of fate than it is on the railway.
Quite well I believe.
And therein lies the problem: who defines what is considered "reasonable"?
Its not as simple as you claim.
