TCOCs are your "method of first resort" on noticing that any given lines are obstructed in the event of an accident.
They may not always be effective, whether it's due to axle counter use; a train already having entered the section you wish to protect; wrong-side failure; or due to the infrastructure itself being damaged. Apart from the 4th rail area "exception", I am sure there are probably other reasons that other members can think of too. However, there are an awful lot of areas of TCB (and general TC use) where they could save lives, and the short time taken may have the most beneficial effect on safety of the line.
But we can see from the above that, although TCOCs are very good warning system, they are by no means infallible. They cannot be used to reach a clear understanding with the signaller because you do not have two-way communication to confirm the obstruction of the line(s) and any actions needed. This is why safety critical staff who may need to react to emergencies on the track should also be trained in making emergency calls, and protection of the line with detonators/handsignals. This is not to say that laying a TCOC is a bad idea, which is, I think, where the confusion lies. There is no harm in doing so where the electrification system permits (ie. most of the network). It complies with the relevant rules, which do not account for the minutiae of positioning them when you are unsure of the type of signalling/block system in place.
Obviously TCOCs are also used in conjunction with the signaller in more controlled scenarios requiring protection too, but then you should be more fully aware of a plan for laying them in areas where it is relevant and effective. I don't think anybody would expect you to lay them in pre-planned controlled circumstances in areas where track circuits are not used!