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Removing open access operators from the network by 2029

Wolfie

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Not quite. There has been new 3rd rail on the Northern line’s Battersea extension, but making the safety risk ALARP above ground is much harder.
Surely that is fourth rail?

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

Open Access is an EU hobby horse, and our whole post brexit trading arrangements are based around the principle that if we don't diverge too far from EU regulations they will not impose trade barriers on us, and with Keir trying to align even closer with them, we aren't going to do anything to annoy them
There is a massive irony in those first six words given that HMG pushed exactly that very hard in the EU before we left. I am inclined to agree the overall tenor of your comment though.
 
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BlueLeanie

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How do you distinguish the Jacobite from the Scarborough Spa Express or Dalesman, which run less frequently but in consistent paths each time? The Jacobite is really just the limiting case of a "charter", running daily.
It's important to be really clear here. It's an OA operator, no different from Lumo, Grand Central, or Hull.

So whenever you see Politicians or the like attacking OA services, they are attacking the UKs longest operating OA access service which is the Jacobite.
 

Clarence Yard

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It differs in one very important respect, the market it serves. That determines the charges it will have to pay, not the fact that it is an OA service.
 

Tazi Hupefi

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It's important to be really clear here. It's an OA operator, no different from Lumo, Grand Central, or Hull.

So whenever you see Politicians or the like attacking OA services, they are attacking the UKs longest operating OA access service which is the Jacobite.
That's not quite correct.

The huge difference is that the Jacobite doesn't take any revenue from the fares system (ORCATS) - they only get the money from tickets they sell themselves. They also aren't competing with anyone - ScotRail can't provide the level of capacity needed and most people use the Jacobite simply because it is a steam train and wouldn't travel otherwise. Therefore they aren't taking money or customers away from existing operators. However, they do have a pretty bad safety record lately. There would be nothing stopping GBR from running their own version of the Jacobite if they felt it was commercially worthwhile.

More commercial open access operators like Lumo or Grand Central are entitled to a proportion of all flexible ticket sales, which whilst now in terminal decline and decreasing year on year, still adds up to £million(s) per year. However, the number of people turning up and buying a full flexible ticket from London to Bradford or Edinburgh in the first place is now extremely rare.
 

Snow1964

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Stock Market news story regarding First Group, as Government tries to influence the Independent Regulator to limit Open access

FirstGroup PLC (LSE:FGP) shares fell 2.1% on Monday morning on a report that the Department for Transport has called on the UK rail watchdog to limit approvals of private train services under the Open Access rail system.

The DfT has written to the Office of Rail and Road, a Financial Times report has highlighted, to place pressure on the independent regulator to oppose the various live applications for new Open Access rail services, including a number by FirstGroup.

Under the Open Access programme, train services can be operated by private companies outside of the government-awarded franchises, run on a commercial basis to generally compete with franchised operators and not receive any government subsidies.

The letter from a senior official, which has been published online, could affect applications by FirstGroup, Sir Richard Branson’s Virgin Group, Arriva and French trainmaker Alstom, the report said.

If all outstanding applications were approved by the ORR, franchised and public-sector train operators would lose out on a combined £229 million in annual revenue, the letter said.

Analyst Gerald Khoo at Panmure Liberum said the DfT’s letter "should be viewed as a monopolist opposing competing new entrants, which are permitted under the relevant legislation, subject to satisfying criteria set by the ORR".

"The letter is a reminder that it is the independent ORR that decides upon Open Access applications, not the DfT, although the latter appears to be trying to convince the ORR to move the goalposts on the criteria."

The key issues to watch following the letter, Khoo suggested, were whether the ORR "exerts its independence in the face of this pressure" from the government, and whether the ORR retains its status as a "fully fledged independent regulator" following the creation of Great British Rail.

 

Clarence Yard

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The ORR board have met in June and the announcement on the WCML applications is expected shortly, may even be this week.

The ECML related applications were due to be discussed at the July ORR Board, unless they managed to sneak any into June.
 

357

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The ECML related applications were due to be discussed at the July ORR Board, unless they managed to sneak any into June.
From my understanding it was hopeful that one minor ECML application was going to be decided upon, but I've not heard anything.
 
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More commercial open access operators like Lumo or Grand Central are entitled to a proportion of all flexible ticket sales, which whilst now in terminal decline and decreasing year on year, still adds up to £million(s) per year.
I want the legislation that creates Great British Railways to end any sharing of fare revenue between GBR and open access operators. Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services and not on any open access train services. Open access passenger train operators need to sell tickets for their own services only which are valid only on their own services and not valid on any GBR train services. Open access passenger train operators must no longer be entitled to any share of any GBR ticket sales.
 

357

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I want the legislation that creates Great British Railways to end any sharing of fare revenue between GBR and open access operators. Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services and not on any open access train services. Open access passenger train operators need to sell tickets for their own services only which are valid only on their own services and not valid on any GBR train services. Open access passenger train operators must no longer be entitled to any share of any GBR ticket sales.
I think that might be unhelpful for those who want the ease of turning up and being able to get any train going in the right direction.

Out of interest, would you still support ticket acceptance during disruption between Open Access and state railways?
 

Dr Hoo

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I want the legislation that creates Great British Railways to end any sharing of fare revenue between GBR and open access operators. Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services and not on any open access train services. Open access passenger train operators need to sell tickets for their own services only which are valid only on their own services and not valid on any GBR train services. Open access passenger train operators must no longer be entitled to any share of any GBR ticket sales.
So how would that work if I wanted to travel from, say, Doncaster to Howden for the day where there is an option of a two-hourly Hull Trains service via Selby or a less attractive journey by Northern, changing at cheerless and non-accessible Gilderdyke, which might be more frequent?
 

357

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I want the legislation that creates Great British Railways to end any sharing of fare revenue between GBR and open access operators. Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services and not on any open access train services. Open access passenger train operators need to sell tickets for their own services only which are valid only on their own services and not valid on any GBR train services. Open access passenger train operators must no longer be entitled to any share of any GBR ticket sales.
Just a further thought - what about a journey that is partly on open access and partly on a state train?
 

Clarence Yard

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Exactly, which is one of the reasons why the likes of Hull Trains had to promise to take inter-available before they could be awarded rights.

IA isn’t worth a lot to OA these days but it is worth a lot more to punters who have to take more than one operators trains to get to their destination.
 

renegademaster

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Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services
This is just adding a whole bunch of extra inconvenience to save pennies of expense. Does this apply to TfL/Scotrail/TfW too?

If anything their should be even more interavaible ticketing and the bus companies dragged into a common ticketing system (which you could extend from plusbus)
 

Wolfie

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I want the legislation that creates Great British Railways to end any sharing of fare revenue between GBR and open access operators. Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services and not on any open access train services. Open access passenger train operators need to sell tickets for their own services only which are valid only on their own services and not valid on any GBR train services. Open access passenger train operators must no longer be entitled to any share of any GBR ticket sales.
Genius, Not!

So anyone who wants a connecting ticket using both GBR and an OA operator would have to buy two tickets. How user friendly!

Talk about reverting to the (worst aspects) of the 19th century railway.
 

Sonik

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So anyone who wants a connecting ticket using both GBR and an OA operator would have to buy two tickets. How user friendly!

Talk about reverting to the (worst aspects) of the 19th century railway.
Surely a perfect argument there for having a single unified system?

Get rid of OA and the problem disappears.
 

Energy

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I want the legislation that creates Great British Railways to end any sharing of fare revenue between GBR and open access operators. Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services and not on any open access train services. Open access passenger train operators need to sell tickets for their own services only which are valid only on their own services and not valid on any GBR train services. Open access passenger train operators must no longer be entitled to any share of any GBR ticket sales.
Is there any reasoning behind this aside from a personal dislike of open access?



I've noticed a seemingly personal dislike of open access from a few posters. The only reasoning I can think of is that privately owned = bad. I don't think open access is perfect, but if it didn't exist, LNER fares would almost certainly be higher, and Hull would have a much worse London train service.

I think GBR should cooperate more, especially with the existing open access operators, to maximise the use of the network. Currently, Network Rail can use Part J, or declare the network congested, but both seem to me less cooperative and more heavy-handed.
Surely a perfect argument there for having a single unified system, not one designed to suit the whims of a multitude of speculators each running their own separate operation?
Or use tickets on both GBR and open-access? In a GBR world, there will still be other state operators (e.g. Scotrail, TfW), if anything, this is likely to increase as Merseytravel and particularly Bee Network have an interest in taking on trains themselves.
 

HSTEd

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Is there any reasoning behind this aside from a personal dislike of open access?



I've noticed a seemingly personal dislike of open access from a few posters. The only reasoning I can think of is that privately owned = bad. I don't think open access is perfect, but if it didn't exist, LNER fares would almost certainly be higher, and Hull would have a much worse London train service.

I think GBR should cooperate more, especially with the existing open access operators, to maximise the use of the network. Currently, Network Rail can use Part J, or declare the network congested, but both seem to me less cooperative and more heavy-handed.
Well that reduced revenue from lower fares is made up by increased taxpayer subsidies.
Meanwhile this uncoordinated timetable causes suboptimal outcomes.

I use the railway, but I also pay taxes.
 

Dr Hoo

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Well that reduced revenue from lower fares is made up by increased taxpayer subsidies.
Meanwhile this uncoordinated timetable causes suboptimal outcomes.

I use the railway, but I also pay taxes.
I’m not clear what you mean here. Does “lower fares” mean individual ticket prices that OA users might have been paying (and to some extent other ‘cheap tickets’ from LNER that they have felt compelled to introduce to bolster passenger numbers)? In that case, abolition of OA would presumably lead to a ‘rebound’ of ticket prices that would increase LNER revenue. Hopefully enough passengers would simply be priced off rail or deterred from travelling by having to schlep over footbridges or through subways at Leeds, Doncaster, Darlington or wherever in order to change trains en route in future. This would avoid the need to replicate any OA capacity.

This seems a very Treasury or Taxpayer-centred perspective rather than a passenger-focussed one.

I am also not really clear what you mean about “sub-optimal” timetables. There seem to be loads of useless ‘connections’ or bunched service intervals at many places that have never seen an OA train.
 

HSTEd

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I’m not clear what you mean here. Does “lower fares” mean individual ticket prices that OA users might have been paying (and to some extent other ‘cheap tickets’ from LNER that they have felt compelled to introduce to bolster passenger numbers)? In that case, abolition of OA would presumably lead to a ‘rebound’ of ticket prices that would increase LNER revenue. Hopefully enough passengers would simply be priced off rail or deterred from travelling by having to schlep over footbridges or through subways at Leeds, Doncaster, Darlington or wherever in order to change trains en route in future. This would avoid the need to replicate any OA capacity.
Well that is one way it could go.
Another is that fares rebound, but traffic doesn't really fall off much and a net revenue increases (or at least becomes less negative).
We don't necessarily have to cut the current Open Access trains out of the timetbale as such, although I expect a timetable recast would swallow them, even if service levels to Hull et al remain similar.

For example, you could pull the 1tp2h terminating at York and send it to Hull instead (and yes I know that train is vanishing in December, but you get the idea).
This seems a very Treasury or Taxpayer-centred perspective rather than a passenger-focussed one.
Well we are in a position where state support to the (non HS2) industry is comparable to the entire passenger farebox.
I am also not really clear what you mean about “sub-optimal” timetables. There seem to be loads of useless ‘connections’ or bunched service intervals at many places that have never seen an OA train.
Moderation of competition requirements imposed on the likes of Hull Trains to prevent them simply turning into abstraction machines constrain their stopping patterns.
This is why Hull Trains stops at the stations it does.

Unusual stopping patterns are not good for timetabling capacity.
An integrated East Coast timetable could potentially allow more trains to fit on the infrastructure. As I believe @Bald Rick has previous pointed out (unless I am mistaken).
 

Sonik

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I've noticed a seemingly personal dislike of open access from a few posters. The only reasoning I can think of is that privately owned = bad.

I'm all for competitive markets, free enterprise etc.

But due to physical constraints, railways (like water supply) are a natural monopoly (i.e. not in any way a true free market) so attempts to artificially insert competition just add complexity, costs and inefficiency.

TfL has a fully unified (effectively nationalised) system, it generally works pretty well and it's cheap for ALL passengers (not just a few) & the taxpayer. This after competitive providers repeatedly failed at the same job

An integrated East Coast timetable could potentially allow more trains to fit on the infrastructure. As I believe @Bald Rick has previous pointed out (unless I am mistaken).
Note here the budget airline model:

More bums on seats per capacity unit = efficiency, and thus cheaper tickets (and vice versa). Filling whole ECML paths with very intermittent five car OA trains is not that.

Utilisation is even more important on rail (vs airlines) because capacity is fixed by infrastructure and non-incremental costs (i.e. NR) are very high. The wider you amortise fixed costs, the lower the cost per unit (i.e. passenger)

OA only *appears* cheap because it's disproportionately subsidised (at the expense of overall efficiency, and thus preventing cheaper fares more widely)
 
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Is there any reasoning behind this aside from a personal dislike of open access?
I support open access. I want it to continue. I do not see why it should be a problem when most open access train journeys are to and from London terminal stations because that is where the money is. Lumo sell their own anytime single fares only valid on their train services.

An important reason for wanting this change is that I suspect that having to share revenue from flexible ticket sales is pushing GBR train operators notably LNER into using pricing to force rail passengers into buying advance tickets so the GBR train operators can keep all the revenue and do not have to share it with other train operators including open access train operators. This change solves that problem. It removes the incentive for LNER and other GBR train operators to force passengers into buying advance tickets.
Does this apply to TfL/Scotrail/TfW too?
No. TfL/Scotrail/TfW would share tickets and ticket revenue with Great British Railways train operators.
 

JamesT

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I'm all for competitive markets

But railways, like water, are a natural monopoly (i.e. not in any way a true free market) so attempts to insert competition just add complexity, costs and inefficiency.

TfL has a fully unified (effectively nationalised) system, it generally works pretty well and it's cheap for ALL passengers (not just a few) & the taxpayer. This after competitive providers repeatedly failed at the same job
TfL does not. London Underground is vertically integrated, but London Overground, DLR, and Elizabeth Line are run by private companies. (As are their buses, but that may be straying slightly).
Railway infrastructure is arguably a natural monopoly given the high costs of running parallel lines, but running trains doesn’t have the same issues making competition impossible.
 

renegademaster

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No. TfL/Scotrail/TfW would share tickets and ticket revenue with Great British Railways train operators.
TFW and nationalised Northern play the same petty revenue allocation game against each other with the advance 10p less than the Off peak ticket. In reality they should all accept the relatively small revenue drop in exchange for convenience that would likely attract more people anyway.

Considering that most of the fares that LNER enforce their new "flexible" system on aren't competitive routes i suspect most of it is to get rid of the capped off peak fares and be allowed to charge what they like
 
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Out of interest, would you still support ticket acceptance during disruption between Open Access and state railways?
The open access operator should negotiate that with GBR.
Just a further thought - what about a journey that is partly on open access and partly on a state train?
Separate tickets would be required for the part of the journey with the open access operator and the part of the journey on Government train services.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

The ORR today published the following letter dated 28 June 2025 from First Group MD Steve Montgomery in response to the latest letter from the DfT to the ORR. This letter of response from First Group emphasises that the ORR must decide applications in accordance with current law.
Open Access. DfT correspondence regarding current applications
I am writing to raise certain points with you which relate to the Department for Transport (DfT)’s position set out in its letter to you of 20 June 2025 (the ‘DfT letter’) – sent shortly before the ORR’s June board meeting at which, we understand, decisions were being considered in relation to open access applications.
DfT’s Letter
The Secretary of State wrote to ORR on 6 January, outlining her expectations for how Open Access should operate alongside a publicly owned railway. The DfT further wrote to the ORR on 4 February expressing their objection to most of the current applications. This is their entitlement, but we have previously corresponded with you highlighting some flaws in their methodology as outlined in the DfT’s 4 February letter. Neither the Secretary of State’s expectations nor DfT’s objections are, however, in themselves, determinative in a process run by an independent regulator.
In its most recent letter, the DfT further set out its position with regard to Open Access applications. In particular it has again raised concerns about the treatment of applications for Open Access we and other operators have made to you and are currently pending consideration.
The fact that the DfT has now written again at this extremely late stage in the application process, suggesting the ORR should now consider further methodology changes to be applied to current submissions when looking at the way in which these Open Access decisions are made is of concern to FirstGroup. It is very unusual for a stakeholder to seek to influence the process at such a late stage in the consideration. It is also surprising that the DfT has chosen to make a number of points about future plans(such as GBR’s potential interests) which are not yet legislated for or relevant to the existing legal framework in which the decision is made. We consider it is uncontentious that any applications to the ORR must only be evaluated against the current methodology operators are asked to follow when making a submission to run new services.
Summary
In summary the current applications must be assessed against the current law.
 
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Sonik

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TfL does not. London Underground is vertically integrated, but London Overground, DLR, and Elizabeth Line are run by private companies. (As are their buses, but that may be straying slightly).
Railway infrastructure is arguably a natural monopoly given the high costs of running parallel lines, but running trains doesn’t have the same issues making competition impossible.
I did say *effectively*. OK some delivery is contracted, but TfL carries branding, train spec, revenue risk & decides what runs; ticketing is unified even between modes. That's an entirely different model to OA and it works.

Competition from OA provides IMO, negligible overall benefit (OA passenger number are tiny vs franchise) and it comes at significant external cost.

I'd argue the only plausible benefit of OA is to keep public operator(s) honest, but then the real competition is with road and air.

So personally, I'd just give GBR a duty to increase modal share, however they want to achieve it, but most likely involving lots of cheaper fares and better passenger experience (e.g. no more uncomfortable seats).
 
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Sonik

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On the flipside it carries negligible harms, "stealing" money from services that DfT was never going to run anyway , so why ban it?
The purpose of GBR is to run the railway, so DfT step back, isn't it?

Who says GBR will never run more services?

BR was very opportunistic and worked hard to grow/retain modal share.
 
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stevieinselby

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I want the legislation that creates Great British Railways to end any sharing of fare revenue between GBR and open access operators. Tickets sold for GBR train services should only be valid on GBR train services and not on any open access train services. Open access passenger train operators need to sell tickets for their own services only which are valid only on their own services and not valid on any GBR train services. Open access passenger train operators must no longer be entitled to any share of any GBR ticket sales.
Unless GBR runs a much enhanced network so that open access operators are completely superfluous, and are left running nothing more than Lumo-style raids and heritage/charter specials like the Jacobite then that absolutely and categorically MUST NOT be the case. Passengers making some journeys must not be disadvantaged compared with others just because their route happens to be one that open access operators contribute to. Passengers have every right to expect a universal booking and ticketing system that covers all of the network, and should not have to consult numerous different websites and potentially have to book split tickets to make a reasonable journey.

If we allow open access to be part of our rail system then it is part of it and not apart from it.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

Just a further thought - what about a journey that is partly on open access and partly on a state train?
Quite. Two of the most common journeys I make are from Selby to Doncaster (out on LNER, back on HT) and Selby to Croydon (through ticket covering HT and Thameslink) – with no revenue sharing, buying tickets for both of these journeys would be more expensive and more complicated. This is not some arcane theoretical point, these are actual journeys that I personally make on a regular basis.
 

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