But before COVID came along, it took on average several years to develop, test and perform clinical trials for a new vaccine.
We were very fortunate that the COVID vaccines were developed in a shorter timeframe, nothwithstanding the allegations that some people have made with regard to testing, approval and side effects.
Coronavirus vaccines were already under development before Sars-CoV-2 existed; see:
The World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Even before then, scientists around the world had started work on a potential vaccine.
www.ukri.org
...The Oxford-led vaccine team was among the first in the world to develop a vaccine candidate for COVID-19 because the team had a head start. The UK government has been investing in its vaccine research and development since before the current pandemic began...
But any further discussion on vaccines is best done in a separate thread (if there isn't an existing one that is open and suitable, please contact the moderation team to arrange for a new one, or for one to be unlocked, if there is some new material to be discussed)
For any future pandemic, there is no guarantee that a vaccine will be developed in the same timeframe as the COVID vaccine was, and even if there was such a guarantee, the economies of the world simply cannot afford to shut down for 6 - 9 months.
I agree that locking down until a vaccine has been administered is not practicable, but any such proposals are best discussed in a separate thread (as per the above).
The consequences of the COVID lockdown and restrictions will be with us for many years to come, for at least the rest of the 2020s, I believe.
Indeed; countries that had more or greater restrictions did not necessarily do 'better' in relation to the effects on the population of the virus, but the negative effects are becoming clearer all the time now, but the negative effects are also being discussed elsewhere.
Are there any continuing restrictions abroad now that Spain and Germany have announced relaxations? The only immediate one I can think of (without checking) that is likely to affect many people from the UK is that the US still requires proof of vaccination to enter.
Because, famously, Covid prefers to infect people on trains rather than planes.
Mask mandates are purely political posturing; it's about asserting control and it's all for show. If Germany required masks on planes, they could do nothing about foreign plane companies and all it would actually achieve would be to deter people from using German brands.