I hope I have posted this topic in the right section.
I'm both a huge aviation and loco fan,however for aircraft there are Flightradar42,Planeplotter and Planefinder where you can watch real time flight progress and track flights from start to finish.I wish there was an app or something I could download tracking freight etc,now ADS-B for locos etc would be a boon for us all.
The aircraft ones work because Aircraft fitted with a Mode-S Transponder broadcast their location (found using radio fixes, some now use GPS as well) and this can be received by a any Mode-S receiver (whether at an ATC station, another aircraft for collision avoidance or an amateur spotter with a laptop).
Trains are tracked using the infrastructure and wired connections, so there isn't an overspill for amateurs to pick up.
IIRC ETCS Level 2 also uses the infrastructure to track the trains. But commands are sent over GSM-R. Level 3 has the train reporting it's position, but that would be over a secure GSM-R link. Unlike aircraft* all trains are under signaller control so there isn't a need to broadcast positions on an open frequency in the clear.
*A large part of UK airspace is uncontrolled. Aircraft do not have to talk to ATC and ATC can only issue advisory instructions. This includes the approaches to Exeter, Newcastle, Aberdeen and many other smaller or isolated** airports.
** As in isolated from other airports, Groups of airports in close proximity tend to have controlled airspace around them eg Bristol/Cardiff, Manchester/Liverpool, Glasgow/Edinburgh, Bournemouth/Southampton