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Shortest lived stock that saw regular service?

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Taunton

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William Dean designed a number of experimental locomotives for the GWR c1890, all of which were substantially rebuilt before they were used in regular service. IIRC no 9 was initially designed as a 4-2-4T, which excelled itself by derailing and falling into a turntable pit the first time it moved under its own power. It earned its keep after it had been reconstructed as a more conventional tender 2-2-2.
Don't think a 4-2-4T (although it sounds unlikely nowadays) was some lunatic arrangement, the Broad Gauge had plenty of these. On the Bristol & Exeter Railway they were the main express type. Here's one in 1876:

 

Rescars

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Don't think a 4-2-4T (although it sounds unlikely nowadays) was some lunatic arrangement, the Broad Gauge had plenty of these. On the Bristol & Exeter Railway they were the main express type. Here's one in 1876:

Good point! It's strange that the B&E locos, with flangeless driving wheels, did the job, but Dean's 4-2-4T derailed repeatedly. Something in the bogie design perhaps?
 

Merle Haggard

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Good point! It's strange that the B&E locos, with flangeless driving wheels, did the job, but Dean's 4-2-4T derailed repeatedly. Something in the bogie design perhaps?
The B&E locos were well photographed on glass negs by Loco and General and they were certainly impressive, particularly if there was someone standing alongside. The driving wheels were not only flangeless but also had very wide treads and my guess is this. The bogies had central pivots with no side play, so in effect the loco was like a bogie coach. On curves, the driving wheels followed a position as would the middle of a bogie coach, but because of the wide tread remained on the rails. They did 80 down the banks, would have loved to have seen that (with my hands over my eyes, just looking through a slit between the fingers :D). But they would ride as well as a bogie coach, probably better than the 6 wheel or 8 wheel passenger coaches with radial axles.
 

Rescars

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The B&E locos were well photographed on glass negs by Loco and General and they were certainly impressive, particularly if there was someone standing alongside. The driving wheels were not only flangeless but also had very wide treads and my guess is this. The bogies had central pivots with no side play, so in effect the loco was like a bogie coach. On curves, the driving wheels followed a position as would the middle of a bogie coach, but because of the wide tread remained on the rails. They did 80 down the banks, would have loved to have seen that (with my hands over my eyes, just looking through a slit between the fingers :D). But they would ride as well as a bogie coach, probably better than the 6 wheel or 8 wheel passenger coaches with radial axles.
Certainly must have been quite a ride! I fancy the footplate crews must have been made of stern stuff indeed! The photo of no 44 (the earlier variety) shows the novel suspension system for the gigantic driving wheels with some sort of damper (made of rubber IIRC) which is fixed to the top of the boiler barrel. That too must have added to the excitement. They just don't make 'em like they used to! :)

Linking back to the OP, James Pearson who designed the B&E 4-2-4Ts was originally taken on by the South Devon Railway to oversee Brunel's "atmospheric caper". That entire system only worked normal traffic for just over 12 months before being converted to loco haulage. Presumably the piston carriages had very short lives.
 
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Strathclyder

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IIRC one of the Eurostar 73s is preserved at Barry railway centre
73118 is the one that lives at Barry Railway Centre. The other Eurostar 73 (73130) still exists too IIRC.

Looking back, there was a thread about this a couple of years ago, turns out the winner was the DLR P89 fleet. Classes 141, 311 and 312 also came up in addition to those already mentioned on this thread.
These proved to be the shortest-lived of all the EMUs built specifically for Strathclyde/Central Belt services by quite the margin (23 years), with the 320s surpassing that figure in 2013 (they passed 33 years of service last month).

NBL Diesel Locomotives (21/29?)

Metro-Vicks Diesel Co-Bo
Most of the unrebuilt 21s and the 28 Co-Bos lasted a mere 10 years (1958-68), some of both were withdrawn after only 9 years (1967). The rebuilt 29s didn't last too much longer, the last examples being withdrawn in 1971.
 

norbitonflyer

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The 72 Mk1 stock had saloon guards panels whilst the Mk2 stock had the controls in the cabs to enable conversion to DOO. That minor difference had a big impact on their lifespan!
The Mark 2 stock had guards panels as well as cab panels. The former were necessary when working on the Northern Line, (short platforms meant that the frear cab was sometimes in the tunnel at some stations) but were removed when transferred to the Bakerloo. Some of these panels were recovered from scrapped 1949 stock
 
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