Electronic components from the 80s are much more of an issue as they can be quite unique and almost impossible to replace. "Modern" systems not so much. In general, they are using standardised interfaces, so you don't need to have a 1:1 replacement. You can plug in a newer hardware part providing the same function using the same interface.
An "operating system" doesn't need much support as long as you don't touch it. Even if you have to update it, it can be done. When the replacing of GTO converters with IGBT converters and lots of other changes on SBBs Re460 fleet took place, the software had to be adapted. These things were designed more than 20 years ago, but it is still possible to update them. That was a major change, not just putting on a few new parameters. Just don't throw away the manual.
I found this link provided by ABB regarding these changes:
ABB
The new converter uses ABB’s AC800 PEC control platform, one of the most powerful control systems available. In terms of its interfaces, the MVB (multifunctional vehicle bus) is identical to the one it replaces. Functional adaptations are minimal (one of the few changes is support for the previously described disconnection of individual traction motors).
Internally however, the PEC offers powerful computational abilities. These are used to offer advanced control functionality for the dynamic behavior of traction motors and energy usage. The control software was created using Matlab Simulink®, supporting an efficient and intuitive implementation while also facilitating any future functional adaptations of the locomotives.