If we include stations suffixed “Road” which I originally did not, we find some interesting survivors, although many have closed because, as the name suggests, they were remote from the places they served. This style of naming seems to have been favoured by the GWR and LSWR, but not exclusively. Some of these stations serve, or served, more than one village, the one after which the station was named not always being the nearest. (This list obviously excludes the many urban stations named after a local road.)
Three remain in Wales - Clarbeston Road, Builth Road and Llanbister Road. The village of Clarbeston Road, which has grown up round the station, is now bigger than Clarbeston, 4 km away.
In the West Country we have Morchard Road (named after Morchard Bishop) and St. Columb Road, which serves the villages of Indian Queens, Fraddon and St Columb Road but is 4.5 km from St. Columb Major. Bodmin Road was renamed Bodmin Parkway in 1983.
In the New Forest there is Beaulieu Road, but Lyndhurst Road was renamed Ashurst (New Forest) in 1995.
Farningham Road station in Kent is 3km from Farningham but much nearer the villages of South Darenth and Sutton-at-Hone.
Three others are in East Anglia. Harling Road (serving the village of East Harling) and Eccles Road are next to each other. I read that Eccles Road takes its name from the abandoned village of Eccles 1.5 km south of the station. In the 1990s, a new village was built adjacent to the station, and this now bears the name Eccles*. 'Road' in the station name is now an anachronism but renaming is not likely for obvious reasons. Roughton Road does not really belong in this group as it’s named after a road on the edge of Cromer. * There's also Eccles-on-Sea on the Norfolk coast!
Micheldever station - similarly Ferryhill Station and Widdrington Station.