I don't know if it was the longest, but I seem to remember it as being so - a passenger service way back in the 1850s, heading south on an excursion from Wolverhampton station. It was so long that on a stretch near Brierley Hill the train split in two - the rear half of the train rolled down a gradient hitting a train behind it. It was the worse railway accident of it's day. I think that was 42 coaches with 2 locomotives.
There might have been one longer, I just thought it was an interesting digression.
That might well have been with fixed-wheelbase coaches, probably four-wheelers. The longest passenger train I know of was a WWII special (can't remember if it was a troop-train or evacuation) that departed King's Cross hauled by a single A4. Twenty-four coaches. Assuming a standard 60ft Gresley coach, that's 1,510ft (473m). I have no idea of the weight. Presumably, the train was picked up in two parts, and the slight downhill into Gas Works Tunnel may have helped, but the whole lot exceeded 70mph north of Hitchin. A King shifted a similar load once, on test with two fireman.