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Class 93 Tri-mode Loco

nlogax

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Indeed they were!

Here is 93001 passing Ealing Broadway, on electric mode! First time I have seen an electric locomotive on the Great Western! (Well, tri-mode, but using the wires)
Quite a sight! 87 002 made it to Paddington on a railtour some years ago, and twenty years previous a 90 doing in the area doing tests on then-new HEx electrification. Not sure if there's been a lot of other AC locos on that stretch though, I'd hazard a guess that it's a very rare thing indeed. I hope the 93s are a common sight there from now on.
 
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zwk500

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Quite a sight! 87 002 made it to Paddington on a railtour some years ago, and twenty years previous a 90 doing in the area doing tests on then-new HEx electrification. Not sure if there's been a lot of other AC locos on that stretch though, I'd hazard a guess that it's a very rare thing indeed. I hope the 93s are a common sight there from now on.
Class 87 railtour was now 7 years ago (!) https://www.railforums.co.uk/threads/class-87-on-the-gwml.170024/. Presumably the lack of a wired connection to any other line has been the reason AC traction has been vanishingly rare. Acton bank wiring could have some interesting side-effects
 

Nottingham59

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They still kept gaining time all the way through the climb against the class 66 timings. 19 minutes gained between Carlisle and Shap I think. If it had needed to self-rescue I would have expected it to lose time somewhere.
Yes, but the 93 has over 4,000kW on electric, compared to 1,850kW for a 66. If it hadn't slipped, then with that power available it would have got to the top in around 12 minutes. So it did lose time - around 6 minutes. That seems to me to be enough to come to a halt and bring the second loco into use.

They didn't stop after Tebay Goods Loop in the previous tests, so I'm assuming they would have kept going all the way from Tebay to the top on one loco if they could have.
 

mpthomson

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If the straits close it will block the shipment of LPG, pushing up gas prices too which have been the cause of high electricity prices over the last couple of years (due to most of the supply coming from Russia previously, and also how industry pricing is structured). So AC would remain expensive.
They aren't going to shut Hormuz (not that they can anyway, it's not all theirs). Their shouting about it is just noise for domestic consumption, to show the population that they're doing something about it, just as was attacking a US airbase in Qatar many hours after telling the US that they were going to do so, meaning that there were no planes or people there, thus avoiding the chances of a meaningful US retaliation.

90% of Iranian crude oil is exported by tanker through the strait to China, so attempting to close it would be a massive act of financial self harm for Iran. Oil prices quickly dropped back to pre-bombing levels once everyone realised that Iran was bluffing.
 

ac6000cw

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Thanks. I think 1706 tonnes might be the trailing load, assuming all wagons were fully loaded to 90t each.

Looks like they had a problem, given that it took nearly twice as long to get to the top as the previous test with 1526t trailing load. I'm guessing now, but it looks to me like the 93 failed and they had to use the back-up loco in the consist to self rescue.
It was damp last night on Shap - https://weather.metoffice.gov.uk/observations/gcwn4cte6 - so I suspect it was just struggling with adhesion (damp rails are worse than fully wet rails for friction - see https://www.water-trak.com/blog/water-the-most-overlooked-component-of-low-adhesion ). It still managed about 18mph average from a standing start at Tebay to Shap Summit - 5.5 miles in 18.25 minutes.

(18 x 90) + (2 x 86) = 1792t total train weight, which needs 234kN of TE just to balance out the gravity component on the 1 in 75 climb. As Richard123 said in post #1678, the heavier train leaves a lot less TE available to actually accelerate it. That extra 180t compared to the previous run 'costs' you 24kN of TE out of the relatively small amount left over from max TE - 'gravity balance' TE.

If it was using both locos on AC power (but that might not be allowed at the moment due to OHLE current limitations) it could accelerate much harder as they would provide far more TE, so I would have expected a higher average speed than 18mph.
 

Richard123

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It was damp last night on Shap - https://weather.metoffice.gov.uk/observations/gcwn4cte6 - so I suspect it was just struggling with adhesion (damp rails are worse than fully wet rails for friction - see https://www.water-trak.com/blog/water-the-most-overlooked-component-of-low-adhesion ). It still managed about 18mph average from a standing start at Tebay to Shap Summit - 5.5 miles in 18.25 minutes.

(18 x 90) + (2 x 86) = 1792t total train weight, which needs 234kN of TE just to balance out the gravity component on the 1 in 75 climb. As Richard123 said in post #1678, the heavier train leaves a lot less TE available to actually accelerate it. That extra 180t compared to the previous run 'costs' you 24kN of TE out of the relatively small amount left over from max TE - 'gravity balance' TE.

If it was using both locos on AC power (but that might not be allowed at the moment due to OHLE current limitations) it could accelerate much harder as they would provide far more TE, so I would have expected a higher average speed than 18mph.
Agreed, and that’s before considering aerodynamic and rolling resistance which will be substantial. The timings looked fairly good to me from a standing start on a heavy load on damp rails.

Plenty of people said it would be impossible on 4 axles! #Britishphysics /= EU physics

NB It has software control of combined current, so can benefit from double TE without breaching OLE current limits - not sure whether NR approved yet though, I think people quoted ROG upthread claiming NR approvals had been difficult so far.
 

hwl

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Plenty of people said it would be impossible on 4 axles! #Britishphysics /= EU physics
Circa 2000t should be a sensible limit in good conditions albeit with very slow timings. The issue as the DRS 88 have frequently shown is that conditions especially on damp Autumn nights frequently aren't good.
On Shap and Beattock the section timings (for a clear rolling run) will get noticeably longer with increasing trailing load before failure/inability to restart.
The boost function on the 93s (if used) will help with more TE at medium and higher speeds compared to the 88s but not at low speed with adhesion issues (at low speed the solution is more axles e.g. either a second 93 as you will be under the OHLE current limit till ~25mph with a pair or a 99 or a pair of 90s).

The wagon resistance will be worse for intermodal but these these will almost certainly have been about sustained TE delivery in practice before further testing.
 
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Richard123

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Circa 2000t should be a sensible limit in good conditions albeit with very slow timings. The issue as the DRS 88 have frequently shown is that conditions especially on damp Autumn nights frequently aren't good.
On Shap and Beattock the section timings (for a clear rolling run) will get noticeably longer with increasing trailing load before failure/inability to restart.
The boost function on the 93s (if used) will help with more TE at medium and higher speeds compared to the 88s but not at low speed with adhesion issues (at low speed the solution is more axles e.g. either a second 93 as you will be under the OHLE current limit till ~25mph with a pair or a 99 or a pair of 90s).

The wagon resistance will be worse for intermodal but these these will almost certainly have been about sustained TE delivery in practice before further testing.
Which shouldn't be too much of an issue when most of the trunk container freight is 1200-1600 tonnes max...
 

hwl

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Which shouldn't be too much of an issue when most of the trunk container freight is 1200-1600 tonnes max...
DRS have found 1400t max with container wagons (with more resistance) on a 88 (unless it is slimy in autumn in which case it is fewer wagons or a second 88).
Very fewer long container trains are actually very heavy as most have quite a bit of low density cargo.
 

Suraggu

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ROG have posted an update on LinkedIn. They state 6Q09 ascended Shap in 19 mins at an average speed of 13.5mph.
 

Nottingham59

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ROG have posted an update on LinkedIn.
Thanks.

Extract for anyone who can't access LinkedIn
I did promise in my earlier missive on the Class 93 freight testing to get an update out as testing progressed. As you can imagine, a really frenetic week, so apologies that it has taken a while. Supported by hashtag#Stadler hashtag#NetworkRail and hashtag#Freightliner the locomotive has made railway history this week.

This weeks testing culminated last night in a train of around 1,800 tonnes, hauled by 93007 ascending Shap, from a standing start at Tebay in 19 minutes at an average speed of 13.5mph. Not bad for a B-B wheel arrangement on a wet rail and far in advance of anything in the current loads book! Diesel and battery modes also outperformed our expectations in support of the overall tests, with acceleration in places beating the booked timings. The traction control on the locomotive is so truly advanced that it virtually thinks!

So it looks like I was wrong about today's test and the single loco made it up on its own. Very impressive performance.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

EDIT
If it kept going all the way up Shap from Tebay with 1792t total train weight, then this demonstrates a tractive effort delivered of more than 248kN. comprising of:
  • Gravity component: 1792x9.8x1.31% = 230kN
  • Rolling resistance, which I reckon will be about 0.1% of the train's total weight, given that 1 in 1000 is the gradient where an unbraked train risks running away: 1792x9.8/1000 = 17.5kN
  • Wind resistance. Negligible (around 0.5kN) at 13.5mph.
 
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Noddy

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Thanks.

Extract for anyone who can't access LinkedIn


So it looks like I was wrong about today's test and the single loco made it up on its own. Very impressive performance.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

EDIT
If it kept going all the way up Shap from Tebay with 1792t total train weight, then this demonstrates a tractive effort delivered of more than 248kN. comprising of:
  • Gravity component: 1792x9.8x1.31% = 230kN
  • Rolling resistance, which I reckon will be about 0.1% of the train's total weight, given that 1 in 1000 is the gradient where an unbraked train risks running away: 1792x9.8/1000 = 17.5kN
  • Wind resistance. Negligible (around 0.5kN) at 13.5mph.

Imagine what the class 99s will be capable of!
 

ac6000cw

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There's something inconsistent about the performance in ROGs Linkedin post re. last nights run, and the reported timings on RTT (which I assume are from NR):

1751037553129.png

The 19 minutes is fairly consistent with the reported 18.25 minutes from Tebay to Shap Summit. But to only average 13.5mph the distance would have to be about 4.3 miles, whereas the RailMiles calculator (https://my.railmiles.me/mileage-engine/) says it's 5.5 miles, as does my 1983 BR Mainline Gradient Profiles book. As it happens, the steepest part of the northbound climb (1 in 75 or 1.33%) is about 4.25 miles, as estimated from the mileage scale on the diagrams in the book. The difference in mileage is a 1 in 146 section at the Tebay end.

So has someone taken the reported timings (19 minutes ignoring the fractions) and the length of the steepest section to come up with 13.5mph, or was that calculated using stopwatch timing when passing the change of gradient markers/signs?

I know it's mostly of academic interest, but 13.5mph versus 18mph average (5.5 x 60/18.25 = 18) is quite a large performance difference!

The traction control on the locomotive is so truly advanced that it virtually thinks!
Someone at ROG has the PR hyperbole generator well turned up - it's just performing how a customer (and I assume the engineers at Stadler and ABB) might reasonably expect a modern multi-million pound loco to do. Computer-controlled traction control has been around since the 1980s on DC-drive locos and early 1990s on AC-drive locos (at least). But then the rest of ROGs loco fleet dates from the 1960s...

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

Imagine what the class 99s will be capable of!
Off-topic, but a low speed heavy-haul, real-world performance comparison between the 99, a 70 and a 60 might be quite interesting (as that covers modern AC, older AC and Sepex DC traction drives).
 
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Wyrleybart

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Off-topic, but a low speed heavy-haul, real-world performance comparison between the 99, a 70 and a 60 might be quite interesting (as that covers modern AC, older AC and Sepex DC traction drives).

It does actually.
Up until modern AC drives came into being in the UK, we could be forgiven for thinking that more and more horsepower from the diesel engine output shaft was needed to get perfomance. But maybe the 2400hp QSK50 married to clever traction electronics is the key to the future in the UK. This is because we are hindered by both a lack of joined up OLE and a tight loading gauge preventing Euro size traction. The 99 is a fascinating investment in my view and really looking forward to it develop.

Also pondering whether a straight AC version of the 99 might eventually usurp the 92s, except through the Channel tunnel which may always have to be 92s. Or whether development costs would make it easier just to use 99s anyway.
 

Nottingham59

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Someone at ROG has the PR hyperbole generator well turned up - it's just performing how a customer (and I assume the engineers at Stadler and ABB) might reasonably expect a modern multi-million pound loco to do. Computer-controlled traction control has been around since the 1980s on DC-drive locos and early 1990s on AC-drive locos (at least). But then the rest of ROGs loco fleet dates from the 1960s...
It sounds to me that ROG might be having difficulty persuading potential customers for the 93 that a four-axle locomotive will have the necessary performance.
 

ac6000cw

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It sounds to me that ROG might be having difficulty persuading potential customers for the 93 that a four-axle locomotive will have the necessary performance.
The real problem is likely to be 'the hire/lease cost of this loco versus the price I can charge for the haulage it can provide' - if it's cheap enough to hire/lease then it might find a customer. Basic freight transport economics really.

Also pondering whether a straight AC version of the 99 might eventually usurp the 92s, except through the Channel tunnel which may always have to be 92s. Or whether development costs would make it easier just to use 99s anyway.
Not sure about an AC-only version of a 99, but an AC + battery version might be more useful - based on the weight Cummins quotes for their 'QSK50 Power Module for Rail' (which includes the engine, alternator, cooling and exhaust treatment, but not fuel tank) of about 18 tonnes + fuel weight, swapping that weight for LTO batteries (plus cooling) might make a handy loco without any 'oily bits' to maintain and fuel. It wouldn't have the off-wire range of the 99, but with more electrification shortening the gaps....
 

BRX

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Also pondering whether a straight AC version of the 99 might eventually usurp the 92s
Unless there is some kind of AC + 3rd rail version (or some kind of development in batteries) it looks a bit like freight is destined to be diesel only in 3rd rail land for a long time yet.
 

andyjhatton

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Unless there is some kind of AC + 3rd rail version (or some kind of development in batteries) it looks a bit like freight is destined to be diesel only in 3rd rail land for a long time yet.
I suppose if you were going to create a freight loco for the 3rd rail territory then the 93 would be an ideal base as it has a battery to cover the numerous gaps longer than the length of a locomotive.
 

Suraggu

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The real problem is likely to be 'the hire/lease cost of this loco versus the price I can charge for the haulage it can provide' - if it's cheap enough to hire/lease then it might find a customer. Basic freight transport economics really.
I think GB may end up encountering a similar issue with the Class 99. They also have to pay for the leasing costs of brand new locos and that will be passed onto the customer in one form or another. And then the customer may also say ‘no thanks we will stick with our current contract’ even with the ‘green’ credentials.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

Unless there is some kind of AC + 3rd rail version (or some kind of development in batteries) it looks a bit like freight is destined to be diesel only in 3rd rail land for a long time yet.
Stadler would no doubt consider such a project if there was a want for it.
 

Richard123

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I think GB may end up encountering a similar issue with the Class 99. They also have to pay for the leasing costs of brand new locos and that will be passed onto the customer in one form or another. And then the customer may also say ‘no thanks we will stick with our current contract’ even with the ‘green’ credentials.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==


Stadler would no doubt consider such a project if there was a want for it.
It's not as easy as it looks; most traction drives work on 1800Vdc. Old UK stock stuck with 900V because of our DC network...
 

Bertie the bus

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I think GB may end up encountering a similar issue with the Class 99. They also have to pay for the leasing costs of brand new locos and that will be passed onto the customer in one form or another. And then the customer may also say ‘no thanks we will stick with our current contract’ even with the ‘green’ credentials.
There is a big difference between GBRf and ROG. GBRf already have a lot of freight work and ROG have none. The 60’s aren’t particularly reliable and are also probably expensive to maintain so the 99's could well be cheaper.

The main difference though between the 93s and 99s are ROG tried to order a Jack of all trades loco but GBRf went for a purely heavy haul freight loco which is of far more use to a FOC.

When you look at the UK’s railfreight you really do have to wonder who might want these 93s:

GBRf have ordered 99’s.
DRS have 88’s
Freightliner reportedly expressed an interest but have recently purchased more Class 90’s.
DB have completely dispensed with electric traction on domestic services.

All that leaves is Colas, which is very unlikely, or ROG winning freight work itself, which is even more unlikely.
 

Trainman40083

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There is a big difference between GBRf and ROG. GBRf already have a lot of freight work and ROG have none. The 60’s aren’t particularly reliable and are also probably expensive to maintain so the 99's could well be cheaper.

The main difference though between the 93s and 99s are ROG tried to order a Jack of all trades loco but GBRf went for a purely heavy haul freight loco which is of far more use to a FOC.

When you look at the UK’s railfreight you really do have to wonder who might want these 93s:

GBRf have ordered 99’s.
DRS have 88’s
Freightliner reportedly expressed an interest but have recently purchased more Class 90’s.
DB have completely dispensed with electric traction on domestic services.

All that leaves is Colas, which is very unlikely, or ROG winning freight work itself, which is even more unlikely.
Still work ferrying units for repairs across the country.
 

Class15

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There is a big difference between GBRf and ROG. GBRf already have a lot of freight work and ROG have none. The 60’s aren’t particularly reliable and are also probably expensive to maintain so the 99's could well be cheaper.

The main difference though between the 93s and 99s are ROG tried to order a Jack of all trades loco but GBRf went for a purely heavy haul freight loco which is of far more use to a FOC.

When you look at the UK’s railfreight you really do have to wonder who might want these 93s:

GBRf have ordered 99’s.
DRS have 88’s
Freightliner reportedly expressed an interest but have recently purchased more Class 90’s.
DB have completely dispensed with electric traction on domestic services.

All that leaves is Colas, which is very unlikely, or ROG winning freight work itself, which is even more unlikely.
I can see Freightliner for services to London Gateway where class 90s are not suitable. Thinking Lawley Street, Wentloog, Ditton, Trafford Park, Garston, Doncaster, Leeds etc.
 

AndrewE

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Still work ferrying units for repairs across the country...
... at linespeed with no converter vehicles, brake van or freight wagons at each end to provide a "fitted head." Should be far cheaper in terms of [avoiding high] charges for a slow path and shorter duration train crew costs.
 

pokemonsuper9

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There is no way the margins on that sort of work would pay the leasing costs. The work is sporadic and only requires 2 or 3 loco's actively trundling around at any one time.
Are the 93s owned or leased? I thought they were owned outright (so no leasing costs, and if they have already bought them too late to get a refund).
 

Geeves

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or they stopped on the incline to restart…..

As you say, A friend of mine working for ROG posted a video exactly of that, standing start at Shap with 1800 tones, speedo showing 15mph and rising on greasy rails! I still think these will be a success what ever they end up doing
 
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Geeves

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Is that on a public forum? Can you post a link?

Very similar to the link posted earlier by Surragu


The only difference was it was just in the cab and zoomed in more on the speedo, cannot post because it was on Facebook!
 

zwk500

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There is no way the margins on that sort of work would pay the leasing costs. The work is sporadic and only requires 2 or 3 loco's actively trundling around at any one time.
I doubt the management of ROG will have committed to the level of investment without some plan for how to recoup it. An 88's diesel is very much a last-mile capability not a proper haulage Bi-mode, and as mentioned freightliner have plenty of services a 90 can't run.
I can see 3 possible avenues:
1. ROG bid for their own flows by undercutting existing FOCs utilising the 93s new capabilities.
2. ROG sub-hire out the 93s to a range of other FOCs
3. ROG have identified passenger/Parcels haulage opportunities that make it worthwhile having sought the 110mph certification.
 

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