I did say that, but (crucially) qualified it by saying these are absolute prices, ie comparing 2019 actual with 2022 actuals, even though the latter has 9.5% of fare rises in it (and from now on, 16% compound, I did my maths wrong before

).
It is entirely reasonable to compare with what revenue expectations were forecast to be, as that is what the cost profile was based on (and contracted). Assuming passenger numbers and journey types / distances now were the same as they were in 2019, revenue would have been £3bn higher than it is. Expected growth on top of that - from the new, higher capacity stock, more trains, etc etc would have added a further billion.
It’s both. I expect some initiatives to encourage more use (with a net financial benefit), and some to save cost (with minimal revenue loss). It will be interesting to see at micro level the revenue impacts of the changes made to date. I haven’t seen specifics, but I’m led to believe that where there have been service reductions, revenue has held up better than expected. That’s anecdotal though.