Use of the term ‘
air conditioning’ (AC) can be confusing.
In some of the strictest definitions,
air conditioning is used to describe
systems that control the
moisture content of air, that is, its
humidity. This can include humidification and dehumidification.
Humidity control can be important for; the
comfort of
building occupants, to reduce the incidence of
condensation (both surface and interstitial), for
specialist environments such as swimming pools, and where the protection of
sensitive items requires particular
conditions.
However, dehumidification of air is generally achieved by
cooling. As the
temperature of air falls, it is less able to 'hold'
moisture, that is,
saturation water vapour density falls, and so
relative humidity rises. When
relative humidity reaches 100%, the air will be
saturated. This is described as the '
dew point'. If the air continues to cool,
moisture will begin to condense, dehumidifying the air.
This means that
humidity control and
cooling are often considered together as ‘
air conditioning’.
Cooling and dehumidification are important contributors to
thermal comfort. This is because the ability to perspire, and so to lose
heat by
evaporation from the skin, is limited by the
humidity of the air.
As a result, remaining cool is dependent on both
temperature and
humidity (as well as a number of other
factors, see
Thermal comfort for more
information). A combination of reduced
air temperature, and reduced
humidity helps people to remain cool.
The
cooling of air alone, often described as ‘
air conditioning’ is more correctly referred to as ‘
comfort cooling’. However, because it cools the air,
comfort cooling may include some incidental dehumidification.