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Impact of lower linespeed and level crossings on slower off the mark stock such as Class 170's

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alangla

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170's change over at 60 mph. I'm on a conversion course on them this week.
Given the amount of slow running they do on Northern, WMT and things like Fife and Anniesland jobs, one wonders if anyone has considered modifying them to the class 172 drivetrain. I know SWT had a 158 fitted with an Ecomat box but I’m not aware of it being tried on a 170
 
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sw1ller

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I thought the chat moss limit was because of what it’s been built on. Basically, Stevenson (I think) was challenged to build a railway line on a bog so he laid down loads of cork or something. I’m mainly chatting nonsense here as I can’t remember the actual facts, but I’m not far off. I do know it’s a bit bumpy down there.
 

DanTrain

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So looks like Northerns stuck with the 100mph 170s with no 100mph lines to run them or even worse slow lines like Harrogate where there stuck in 1st gear using fast quantities of fuel and oil.
As I said regeared to 75 would be much more usefull and quicker off the mark too on start stop services.
Surely that depends where they plan to use them? The Nottingham - Leeds line has plenty of >75mph, even more if it’s sent via Wakefield Westgate as planned. I’ve always thought 170s were an odd choice for Leeds-Harrogate-York, it seems much more suited for 158s, much more than Leeds - Notts.
 

Bald Rick

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I have always been interested in this point on line speeds. Are we saying that there are significant stretches of line in the north that are constrained not by corners, junctions etc but rather by NR maintenance budgets? Are there lots of opportunities to speed up trains such as the 170's if the funding was there to increase maintenance budgets, as opposed to line speed increases requiring significant capital works?

I have always thought it strange that speeds are so low on the Chat Moss line and ths Southport to Wigan line which seem pretty straight. Could Chat Moss be upgraded to 125 mph relatively easily?
No, and no.

Is there maximum speed through level crossings?

Yes. And it varies depending on the type of level crossing, the risk level, and for certain types of crossing the sighting time for either highway users wishing to use the crossing or for the tram driver on approach.

Level crossings have an absolute maximum top speed of 100mph. It is why NR are closing a very large number of level crossings in East Anglia to cut journey times to London.

As above. But the level crossing closures in Anglia (and elsewhere) are not about cutting journey times. They are about improving safety.

For new instalations maybe but of course they still exist on places like the ECML where there are several examples. Including open foot crossings (though I beleive there maybe safe to cross lights there)!

Not quite. Level crossings are not permitted on any line above 125mph, and where linespeeds are above 100mph they must be controlled (for vehicular crossings) and ‘active’ for footpath / bridleway crossings (ie warning lights). New level crossings are not permitted at all.


Yes Network rail will not be interested in line speed improvements or even electrification unless there's some financial incentive to do so and the prices they seem to come up with for even modest work seem huge.

And that’s because NR does not have the funds for anything but a steady state railway, unless it is specifically paid for by a ‘funder’, normally the DfT or other transport authority. So unless someone finds the money, and asks NR to do it, it won’t happen.

Yet NR are upgrading other lines. The Harrogate Loop was upgraded in the 1970s with concrete sleepers, cwr and deep ballasting and could have been upgraded then with very little extra work. It could be upgraded to 70 or 75mph with no additional tamping.

It’s not all about the track....

I
Not an expert in infrastructure, ask @Bald Rick , he is the master at answering this old question.

Happy to help!

To repeat something I must have written half a dozen times on the forum: there are well over 80 different factors that can limit linespeed. Only one of them is track geometry (ie curvature) and one more is track maintenance. There’s several more related to track, and the other 70 or so concern other asset types, some of which are not visible out of a train window (or at all).

Do, however, be assured that where there is the opportunity for cheap/easy linespeed improvements, usually done as part of a renewal, they are done. The exit speed from Birmingham New Street towards Proof House is one example (coming at the time of resignalling, apparently).

But, as ever, the point is always what problem are you trying to solve? And does improving linespeeds actually solve it?

Sample question: if the West Anglia Main Line was raised from (mostly) 80mph to 100mph for the 24 miles from Bishops Stortford to Tottenham Hale, how many minutes quicker would the Stansted Express be? (You may need to show your working...)
 

Bevan Price

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I think upgrading Chat Moss line to 110mph has been considered. The priority should a passing loop between Manchester and Golborne. Lime Street - Victoria can be done in 36 minutes by a 185 with one stop. The line needs more express services not faster ones.



Level crossings have an absolute maximum top speed of 100mph. It is why NR are closing a very large number of level crossings in East Anglia to cut journey times to London. While that limit would not be an issue for Southport, the higher line speeds are raised, the more money needs the be spent on making level crossings safe.

I have done Lime Street to Manchester Victoria non-stop (once) in under 30 minutes. The old Trans Pennine sets (Class 124) could manage 36 minutes (to Manchester Exchange), and 37/38 to Victoria with one intermediate stop at Earlestown. The main problem now is line congestion at each end of the route.
Much of the Chat Moss route has been increased to 75 mph at the Manchester end, and 90 mph west of Glazebury. It remains 60 mph over Astley Level Crossing; if you stand near the crossing, you can feel the ground "bounce" every time a train passes. Higher speeds elsewhere on this line would probably just mean more signal checks as you caught up with preceding local services.

The Manchester / Atherton /Wigan route and Wigan/Southport both used to be mostly 75 mph (except at junctions) in the steam era, and both could now do with serious improvement.
 

DanTrain

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Sample question: if the West Anglia Main Line was raised from (mostly) 80mph to 100mph for the 24 miles from Bishops Stortford to Tottenham Hale, how many minutes quicker would the Stansted Express be? (You may need to show your working...)
3 minutes, 36 seconds ;). i.e. not a lot for 24 miles of upgrades!
 

ComUtoR

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New level crossings are not permitted at all.

One of my first ever posts was about the removal of level crossings. That aside, are you stating that there will be no new level crossings anywhere, whatsoever ? Whilst that makes me very happy; doesn't that have an impact on new routes, such as Crossrail, HS2,3,45 etc ? Supplementary to that is the preference to have a bridge, tunnel, or avoid crossing roads or footpaths altogether ?

Cheers in advance as always
 

dk1

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Level crossings have an absolute maximum top speed of 100mph. It is why NR are closing a very large number of level crossings in East Anglia to cut journey times to London. While that limit would not be an issue for Southport, the higher line speeds are raised, the more money needs the be spent on making level crossings safe.
There are currently no automatic level crossing closures/conversions on the GEML to raise line speeds. It's only AHBs that are limited to 100mph & None of those are being upgraded to CCTV to raise this limit. Only the odd UWCs are closing which will make no difference.
 

Bald Rick

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Oh? As in no matter the line speed you can't have one? I'd missed that!

For new lines, correct. And a new line is any line proposed to be built that isn’t currently open.

Slightly different for ‘new’ preserved railways, although I suspect the rules there will tighten soon given how many accidents are happening at crossings on such lines.
 

Bevan Price

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.

But, as ever, the point is always what problem are you trying to solve? And does improving linespeeds actually solve it?

Sample question: if the West Anglia Main Line was raised from (mostly) 80mph to 100mph for the 24 miles from Bishops Stortford to Tottenham Hale, how many minutes quicker would the Stansted Express be? (You may need to show your working...)

Probably zero; even now, they are almost catching up with the preceding "all-shacks" local by Tottenham Hale.
 

Bald Rick

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One of my first ever posts was about the removal of level crossings. That aside, are you stating that there will be no new level crossings anywhere, whatsoever ? Whilst that makes me very happy; doesn't that have an impact on new routes, such as Crossrail, HS2,3,45 etc ? Supplementary to that is the preference to have a bridge, tunnel, or avoid crossing roads or footpaths altogether ?

Cheers in advance as always

On the NR network, and on new lines, correct. I think we’re getting ahead of ourselves with HS45 though ;)

The solution will depend on the local circumstances. Although it’s not possible to build any decent length of new line without having to cross some form of highway or right of way!
 

Bald Rick

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There are currently no automatic level crossing closures/conversions on the GEML to raise line speeds. It's only AHBs that are limited to 100mph & None of those are being upgraded to CCTV to raise this limit. Only the odd UWCs are closing which will make no difference.

Actually, some of the AHBs are (I think!) in line to be upgraded, but that is about risk reduction given the proposed 50% increase in service north of Stowmarket. The GEML is a good example of linespeed issues and level crossings; even if every single one was closed the linespeed would still be max 100mph. The OLE, structures, formation, power supply, signal spacing, signal sighting, staff safety arrangements and many more things all need sorting. And I’d be willing to bet it would be nigh on impossible to keep it at 125mph without tamping several times a year. Oh and the timetable wouldnt work. But other than that...
 

dk1

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Actually, some of the AHBs are (I think!) in line to be upgraded, but that is about risk reduction given the proposed 50% increase in service north of Stowmarket. The GEML is a good example of linespeed issues and level crossings; even if every single one was closed the linespeed would still be max 100mph. The OLE, structures, formation, power supply, signal spacing, signal sighting, staff safety arrangements and many more things all need sorting. And I’d be willing to bet it would be nigh on impossible to keep it at 125mph without tamping several times a year. Oh and the timetable wouldnt work. But other than that...
Yeah, it won't happen. 100mph will be tops for many many years to come. I see nothing changing.
 

Bald Rick

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Yeah, it won't happen. 100mph will be tops for many many years to come. I see nothing changing.

Quite. You could upgrade the whole line from Lakenham to Europa Jn to 125mph, and you would save less time than missing out the Diss call.
 

Bald Rick

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Also sounds like a lot of effort for *gets calculator out again* about 10 mins saving on Norwich - London!

On a like for like basis (same 125mph trains, todays stopping pattern), 100 to Shenfield and 125 to Norwich (with the current restrictions at Ipswich, Manningtree and Chelmsford), the time saving to Norwich is about 6-7 mins IIRC.
 

deltic08

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That's parently complete nonsense. Do you honestly believe all lines started off as low speed and have matured into higher speed lines over time?
Yes. In 1830 all lines were 30mph max as passengers couldn't breathe above that speed!
 

deltic08

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For new lines, correct. And a new line is any line proposed to be built that isn’t currently open.

Slightly different for ‘new’ preserved railways, although I suspect the rules there will tighten soon given how many accidents are happening at crossings on such lines.
Quite right. There were a number of level crossings between Harrogate and Northallerton. As part of the reinstatement process new bridges have had to be designed where once there were crossings. Some over and some under. This has helped to straighten roads at the benefit of County and at other places the rail route has had to be slewed off line to provide room for a bridge where it runs tight with a road such as A61 at Wormald Green.

I was told that a bridge is no more expensive than a CCTV controlled full barrier crossing nowadays as both are about one million pounds.
 
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deltic08

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Actually, some of the AHBs are (I think!) in line to be upgraded, but that is about risk reduction given the proposed 50% increase in service north of Stowmarket. The GEML is a good example of linespeed issues and level crossings; even if every single one was closed the linespeed would still be max 100mph. The OLE, structures, formation, power supply, signal spacing, signal sighting, staff safety arrangements and many more things all need sorting. And I’d be willing to bet it would be nigh on impossible to keep it at 125mph without tamping several times a year. Oh and the timetable wouldnt work. But other than that...
If the curvature allows, what is needed to raise linespeed from 60 to 70 or 75mph on concrete sleepers with cwr and deep ballast. The line has just been resignalled so I assume spacing and sighting has been adjusted for higher speed eventually?

I can't believe this is my 2000th post,
 

philthetube

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To repeat something I must have written half a dozen times on the forum: there are well over 80 different factors that can limit linespeed. Only one of them is track geometry (ie curvature) and one more is track maintenance. There’s several more related to track, and the other 70 or so concern other asset types, some of which are not visible out of a train window (or at all).

Do, however, be assured that where there is the opportunity for cheap/easy linespeed improvements, usually done as part of a renewal, they are done. The exit speed from Birmingham New Street towards Proof House is one example (coming at the time of resignalling, apparently).

But, as ever, the point is always what problem are you trying to solve? And does improving linespeeds actually solve it?

Sample question: if the West Anglia Main Line was raised from (mostly) 80mph to 100mph for the 24 miles from Bishops Stortford to Tottenham Hale, how many minutes quicker would the Stansted Express be? (You may need to show your working...)

You need to keep a template :):):)
 

DarloRich

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This is the key question:

What benefits are released from the linespeed improvements? how much time is saved and more to the point, can it be utilised? It is never just a case of changing speed boards.

I also commend the post by @Bald Rick to the house. He is much more patient than I am with some of the silliness on this thread!
 
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dk1

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Brill - thanks.

Is it just Sprinters that are 40 then?

I'm sure something is 40! :P
Sprinters change over roughly 45-47mph if working correctly. Some rougher units drop that to 35 & gradually lose time.
 

Noddy

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That's parently complete nonsense. Do you honestly believe all lines started off as low speed and have matured into higher speed lines over time?

As I said *most* lines. With the exception of new build lines, such as HS1 or the Selby diversion most lines in the U.K. were built the Victorian period-those dating to the early part would have been 30mph (50-80 max toward the middle and end of the period) and subject to incremental increases through their histories.


Incremental is fine if it delivers something at the end, but no one is going to raise a line speed if there is no tangible benefit. Take the Chase line, electrified now and probably capable of more than 60mph but it wasn't raised higher as it didn't need to be to deliver the 2tph output.

Yeah I fully appreciate that. Improving top end line speeds may not always be appropriate especially on line with lots of closely spaced stations, or severe curves. However on more minor routes such as this one where that isn’t the case for significant parts of the route, it often seems that because improvement X doesn’t achieve a significant gain it isn’t done. Then 5 or 10 years later the same happens with improvement Y. Like wise with improvement Z in another 10 years. Suddenly you are then 20-30 years down the road and there’s been no significant change for 30 years even though there could have been if X, Y and Z had all been done.
 

CEN60

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Another point to consider if increasing line speed - perhaps you might be able to increase line speed - but the chances are you will just get to a bottleneck (ie legacy junction / signalling) quicker and thus sit longer!

Also increasing linespeed has a whole host of things associated with regards structural & passing clearances - an increase in linespeed may (in some circumstances) decrease the clearance from a train to a structure making it "foul" - same goes for 2 trains passing one another.
 

sw1ller

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Another point to consider if increasing line speed - perhaps you might be able to increase line speed - but the chances are you will just get to a bottleneck (ie legacy junction / signalling) quicker and thus sit longer!

Also increasing linespeed has a whole host of things associated with regards structural & passing clearances - an increase in linespeed may (in some circumstances) decrease the clearance from a train to a structure making it "foul" - same goes for 2 trains passing one another.

As @Bald Rick Pointed out above, there are over 80 reasons to limit a line speed to what it is.

Your post gives me an idea though, how about we all list the reasons we think limit linespeed and Rick can mark us! :D Let’s see if we can get to 50?

Probably best on a separate thread. :p
 
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