Looks like a water main.
If that's been leaking it could easily create a large void capable of causing this damage
There is a much larger and definitely leaky source of water in the vicinity of this structure. It is called the River Thames.
The photo by crablab in post 426 gives a good idea of just how soggy ground conditions can get in the vicinity of this bridge in autumn, winter and early spring (as was obvious to anyone looking out of the window on a passing train).
This time round, of course, it followed an extremely hot, dry summer when the river levels were very low, then a wet autumn, then a dry January and February, followed by a very wet March.
All those changes of conditions likely contributed to the sinking of the abutment suddenly accelerating. If it was sitting on solid rock, there would not be a problem.