The weight of the extra carriages increases wheel friction for the locomotive wheels (not from weight acting vertically but horizontally increasing the work required to turn the wheels) so that it doesnt just spin out from too much power to weight like a boy racer starting a car in 4th gear. In the old days when moving steam locomotives about without any cargo they would sometimes add extra coal wagons to stop wheelslip.
This sounded all wrong to me, so I have looked, in vain, for any articles that back up what you say. I think you've got a couple of things mixed up. A trailing load would not result in additional friction on the loco driving wheels (although total wheel friction would increase enormously), but having got the train moving, momentum would help to reduce the possibility of wheelslip. Loose coupled goods trains depended on gradually increasing load and momentum for similar reasons.
"A boy racer starting a car in 4th gear" is highly unlikely to result in spinning the wheels as however powerful the car, the high gearing would reduce the torque at the wheels, and it's torque, not just power that causes wheelspin in cars and wheelslip on locos. Poor torque control, light weight and low gearing would be the surest recipe.
If you think this is wrong, please link to any appropriate information that might back up what you say. I couldn't find any.
Sorry to go off topic guys...