Nearly all West-Euro countries have such a thing, sometimes limited to use for at least 6 or even 12 monthes.
The german BC100 is ALSO valid for urban local transport in 128+ cities, including near all with trams/metro. The Swiss GA is even more wide-covering. Here in NL you can choose between NSvrij (all day, any day, all trains, except Thalys) and add a fairly cheap ''all pucl. transp.'' to it. Its much cheaper for 2nd/3d persons living at same adress.
Probably the cheapest nation-wide such monthly/yearly seasons are in Austria and Belgium and of course Luxemburg.
Here in NL I pay *(as 65+) just 42 eur/month for trains-off peak only, thats would be 99 eur for <65s. (an off-peak dayticket from NS cost 39 eur!)
Students with student loans get the choice between a free weekend/weekday all publ.transp. season, lasting as long as they keep the allowance, except for summertime.
Yes, in this respect the UK is certainly lagging far behind-perhaps some regions (Wales, Scotland) may offer more to its people.
For visitors the Interrail-global, continuous 1 month is also far cheaper as an all-lines Rover-and valid in nearly all of Europpe, not just the UK.